A5091256264- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Gut microbiota and health
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
International Livestock Research Institute
2016-2025
University of Liverpool
2015-2025
University of Edinburgh
2017-2023
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution
2017-2023
University of Nairobi
2018
Royal Veterinary College
2015
University of London
2015
Leverhulme Trust
2015
Influenza D virus has been identified in America, Europe, and Asia. We detected influenza antibodies cattle small ruminants from North (Morocco) West (Togo Benin) Africa. Dromedary camels Kenya harbored C or antibodies, indicating a potential new host for these viruses.
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is one of the great challenges facing global health security in modern era. Wildlife, particularly those that use urban environments, are an important but understudied component epidemiology antimicrobial resistance. We investigated overlap between sympatric wildlife, humans, livestock, and their shared environment across developing city Nairobi, Kenya. these data to examine role wildlife spread clinically relevant resistance.Methods99 households Nairobi...
Abstract Quantitative evidence for the risk of zoonoses and spread antimicrobial resistance remains lacking. Here, as part UrbanZoo project, we sampled Escherichia coli from humans, livestock peri-domestic wildlife in 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya, to investigate its distribution among host species this rapidly developing urban landscape. We performed whole-genome sequencing 1,338 E. isolates found that diversity sharing patterns were heavily structured by household strongly shaped...
A cross-sectional survey of practices and knowledge among antibiotic retailers in Nairobi, Kenya Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) driven by consumption is a growing global health threat.However, data on antimicrobial patterns low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) sparse.Here, we investigate the sales humans livestock urban Kenya, evaluate level awareness common behaviours related to use AMR amongst human veterinary pharmacists.Methods total 40 19 drug store pharmacists were...
Introduction To effectively regulate and reduce antibiotic use, in the livestock sector, a thorough understanding of flow veterinary antibiotics will help to identify key nodes chain for targeted interventions. The aim this study was understand from import end-user, relevant governance mechanisms. Methods A mixed methods approach used collect data three Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Kiambu, Kajiado). Focus group discussions ( n = 23), individual interviews 148), informant 10) were conducted....
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a recently identified virus causing severe viral illness in people. Little known about the reservoir Horn of Africa. In Kenya, where no human MERS cases have been reported, our survey 335 dromedary camels, representing nine herds Laikipia County, showed high seroprevalence (46.9%) to MERS-CoV antibodies. Between herd differences were present (14.3%– 82.9%), but was not related management type or isolation. Further research should...
There are substantial limitations in understanding of the distribution antimicrobial resistance (AMR) humans and livestock developing countries. This papers present results an epidemiological study examining patterns AMR Escherichia coli isolates circulating sympatric human (n = 321) 633) samples from 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya. E. were tested for susceptibility to 13 drugs representing nine antibiotic classes. High rates detected, with 47.6% 21.1% displaying three or more five...
Understanding access to and use of antibiotics in livestock production systems is critical for guiding antimicrobial stewardship programmes animal health services. We analysed antibiotic practices among smallholder-intensive poultry farms Kenya characterised veterinary supply chains by calculating travel time drug stores. Data were collected from 766 across 15 Kenyan counties, representing all types, between May 2021 February 2022. also sales geolocation data 321 stores Nakuru Kilifi areas...
Biosecurity measures are essential for mitigating the risk of pathogen introduction and spread in farms. While standardised tools monitoring biosecurity implementation exist, they often not tailored to specific needs low middle income countries (LMICs), where occurrence farming practices can be highly variable compared intensive high country settings. The aim our study was develop a flexible assessment tool evaluating on small medium-scale poultry farms LMICs. methodology described here...
Scarcity of feed ingredients, unregulated mills, and limited monitoring mycotoxin levels in increase the risk exposure for poultry sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined mycotoxins from 122 Kenyan broiler farms an association between on-farm handling practices levels. Using a validated multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS), all samples contained at least one 93 % (n=113) had >3 mycotoxins. The most prevalent EU-regulated detected were fumonisins...
Mastitis is a common driver of antibiotic use in dairy farms and exacerbated low-income settings by the lack diagnostics treatment strategies. We assessed decision-making process animal health providers (AHPs) managing mastitis small-holder Kiambu County, Kenya. Data were collected from 114 AHPs using item response theory, scales developed to measure attitudes toward udder health, multivariable linear regression was used analyse demographic factors associated with these attitudes. Overall,...
Urbanization is predicted to be a key driver of disease emergence through human exposure novel, animal-borne pathogens. However, while we suspect that urban landscapes are primed expose people novel diseases, evidence for the mechanisms by which this occurs lacking. To address this, studied how bacterial genes shared between wild animals, livestock, and humans (n = 1,428) across Nairobi, Kenya—one world’s most rapidly developing cities. Applying multilayer network framework, show low...
Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are an important protein source for people in semi-arid and arid regions of Africa. In Kenya, camel populations have grown dramatically the past few decades resulting potential increased disease transmission between humans camels. An estimated four million Kenyans drink unpasteurized milk, which poses a risk. We evaluated seroprevalence significant zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), among 334 from nine herds Laikipia County, Kenya. Serum...
Abstract Land-use change is predicted to act as a driver of zoonotic disease emergence through human exposure novel microbial diversity, but evidence for the effects environmental on communities in vertebrates lacking. We sample wild birds at 99 wildlife-livestock-human interfaces across Nairobi, Kenya, and use whole genome sequencing characterise bacterial genes known be carried mobile genetic elements (MGEs) within avian-borne Escherichia coli ( n = 241). By modelling diversity encoding...
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Query fever (Q fever), is among most highly infectious zoonotic pathogens transmitted livestock, with chronic effects challenging to veterinary and medical detection care systems. Transmission domestic livestock species can vary regionally due herd management practices that determine which are raised, whether or not in contact wildlife, susceptibility these infection. To explore how different associated risk infection multispecies environments, we...
The Nairobi pork food system is a growing livestock sub-sector which serves as source of and livelihood to its inhabitants. study aimed map Nairobi's value chains, assess their governance, operational challenges impacts on safety risks management practices. Qualitative data were collected in seven focus group discussions 10 key informants' interviews animal movements product flows, stakeholders' interactions, perceptions governance challenges, potential impact management. Quantitative...
Livestock systems have been proposed as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and AMR genetic determinants that may infect or colonise humans, yet quantitative evidence regarding their epidemiological role remains lacking. Here, we used combination of genomics, epidemiology ecology to investigate patterns gene carriage in Escherichia coli, regarded sentinel organism.
Understanding antibiotic use in livestock systems is key combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and developing effective interventions. Using a standardised questionnaire, we investigated the patterns drivers of 165 cattle farms across three major production Kenya: intensive, extensive, semi-intensive counties: Machakos, Makueni Narok Kenya. We used causal diagram to inform regression models explore study farms. Antibiotic was reported 92.7% farms, primarily for prophylactic purposes....
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems, including antibiotic use practices. We present data on patterns of dispensing and in community hospital settings respectively Nairobi, Kenya during the pandemic. conducted interviews with 243 pharmacies Nairobi using a standardised questionnaire from November to December 2021. collected included demographic characteristics, customers, types antibiotics sold, prescribing Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed health...