A5091906499- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
University of Nairobi
2022-2025
Washington State University
2015-2025
Washington State Department of Health
2020-2025
Universidad del Valle de Guatemala
2024
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2014-2020
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010
In January 2007, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was detected among humans in northern Tanzania districts. By the end June, 511 suspect RVF cases had been recorded from 10 21 regions Tanzania, with laboratory confirmation 186 and another 123 probable cases. All confirmed were located north-central southern country, eventual fatality rate 28.2% (N = 144). suspected fever; 89% encephalopathy, 10% hemorrhage, 3% retinopathy. A total 169 (55%) 309 or also positive for malaria as by...
To determine the cause of acute febrile illnesses other than malaria in North Eastern Province, Kenya, we investigated rickettsial infection among patients from Garissa Provincial Hospital for 23 months during 2006-2008. Nucleic acid preparations serum 6 (3.7%) 163 were positive DNA as determined by a genus-specific quantitative real-time PCR and subsequently confirmed molecular sequencing to be Rickettsia felis. The patients' symptoms included headache; nausea; muscle, back, joint pain....
Brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonotic infection but data on the prevalence among humans and animals limited in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted three counties practicing different livestock production systems to simultaneously assess seroprevalence of, risk factors for brucellosis their (cattle, sheep, camels, goats). two-stage cluster sampling method with random selection of sublocations households conducted. Blood samples were collected from tested Brucella immunoglobulin...
Tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are emerging human diseases caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. Despite being important causes systemic febrile illnesses in travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about reservoir hosts these pathogens. We conducted surveys for rickettsiae domestic animals and ticks a rural setting western Kenya. Of 100 serum specimens tested each species ruminant 43% goats, 23% sheep, 1%...
A novel rickettsial agent, 'Candidatus Rickettsia asembonensis' strain NMRCiiT, was isolated from cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, Kenya. Genotypic characterization of the new isolate based on sequence analysis five genes, rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB and sca4, indicated that this clustered with felis URRWXCal2. The degree nucleotide similarity demonstrated NMRCiiT belongs within genus fulfils criteria for classification as a representative species. name asembonensis sp. nov. is proposed, (=DSM...
The use of veterinary antibiotics is largely unregulated in low-income countries. Consequently, food producers rarely observe drug withdrawal periods, contributing to residues products. Drug milk can cause immunogenic reactions people, and selectively favor antibiotic-resistant bacteria unpasteurized We quantified the prevalence antibiotic pasteurized milk, from sold within Kibera, an informal settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Ninety-five samples (74 21 unpasteurized) were collected shops, street...
Abstract To examine the effects of poor sanitation and hygiene on prevalence antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, we surveyed households in two rural urban communities Guatemala (N = 196 randomly selected households). One adult (≥ 18-years old) and, when available, one child (≤ 5 years-old) provided a stool sample. Up to 48 presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each sample (n 21,256 total) subjected breakpoint assays for ten antibiotics. Mixed-effects logistic models used...
Antimicrobial stewardship encourages appropriate antibiotic use, the specific activities of which will vary by institutional context. We investigated regional variation in use surveying three public hospitals Kenya. Hospital-level data for antimicrobial activities, infection prevention and control, laboratory diagnostic capacities were collected from hospital administrators, heads control units, directors, respectively. Patient-level abstracted medical records using a modified World Health...
Abstract We estimated the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), carbapenem-resistant (CRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in communities hospitals Kenya to identify human colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nasal fecal specimen were collected from inpatients community residents Nairobi (urban) Siaya (rural) counties. Swabs plated on chromogenic agar presumptively ESCrE, CRE MRSA isolates. Confirmatory...
Understanding access to and use of antibiotics in livestock production systems is critical for guiding antimicrobial stewardship programmes animal health services. We analysed antibiotic practices among smallholder-intensive poultry farms Kenya characterised veterinary supply chains by calculating travel time drug stores. Data were collected from 766 across 15 Kenyan counties, representing all types, between May 2021 February 2022. also sales geolocation data 321 stores Nakuru Kilifi areas...
Background. During the Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic of 2006–2007 in eastern Africa, spatial mapping outbreaks across Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania was performed RVF viruses were isolated genetically characterized.
Abstract Background The relationship between antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance varies with cultural, socio-economic, environmental factors. We examined these relationships in Kibera, an informal settlement Nairobi—Kenya, characterized by high population density, burden of respiratory disease diarrhea. Methods Two-hundred households were enrolled a 5-month longitudinal study. One adult (≥ 18 years) one child (≤ 5 participated per household. Biweekly interviews (n = 1516) that...
We assessed knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use in Kibera, an urban informal settlement Kenya. Surveys was employed at the beginning (entry) again end (exit) of a 5-month longitudinal study AMR. Two-hundred households were interviewed entry, which 149 also exit. The majority (>65%) respondents both surveys could name least one antibiotic, with amoxicillin cotrimoxazole jointly accounting for 85% 77% antibiotics mentioned during entry exit, respectively. More than 80% felt...
Abstract Background The spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant (CRE) represents a significant global public health threat. We identified putative risk factors for ESCrE CRE colonization among patients in 1 urban 3 rural hospitals Kenya. Methods During January 2019 March 2020 cross-sectional study, stool samples were collected from randomized inpatients tested CRE. Vitek2 instrument was used isolate confirmation antibiotic...
We estimated the prevalence of colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant (CRE) from a hospital associated communities in western Guatemala.Randomly selected infants, children, adults (<1, 1-17, ≥18 years, respectively) were enrolled (n = 641) during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, March to September 2021. Community participants using 3-stage cluster design between November 2020 (phase 1, n 381) July May 2021 2,...
The seroprevalence of brucellosis among nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in arid lands is reported to be over10-fold higher than non-pastoralists farmers Kenya. Here, we compared the mixed farming with knowledge disease high-risk practices associated infection.Across-sectional study was conducted two counties - Kiambu County where primarily practice smallholder production crop farming, Marsabit pastoral production. Stratified random sampling applied, which sublocations were initially...
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global health emergency. Persons colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are at risk for developing subsequent infections, as colonization represents an important precursor to invasive infection. Despite reports documenting the worldwide dissemination of MDROs, fundamental questions remain regarding burden resistance, metrics measure prevalence, and determinants spread. We describe multi-site survey protocol that aims quantify...
Candidatus Rickettsia asemboensis was identified molecularly in fleas collected 2009 from Asembo, Kenya. Multilocus sequence typing using the 17-kD antigen gene, rrs, gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4 demonstrated that R. is closely related to felis but distinct enough be considered for separate species classification. Following this molecular characterization of asemboensis, vitro cultivation bacterium then performed. We used Ctenocephalides canis removed dogs Kenya initiate isolation asemboensis....
Coxiella burnetti can be transmitted to humans primarily through inhaling contaminated droplets released from infected animals or consumption of dairy products. Despite its zoonotic nature and the close association pastoralist communities have with their livestock, studies reporting simultaneous assessment C. exposure risk-factors among people livestock are scarce.This study therefore estimated seroprevalence Q-fever associated risk factors in livestock.We conducted a cross-sectional...
Brucellosis is associated with massive livestock production losses and human morbidity worldwide. Efforts to control brucellosis among pastoralist communities are limited by scarce data on the prevalence risk factors for exposure despite high human-animal interactions in these communities. This study simultaneously assessed seroprevalence of pastoralists their same households.We conducted a cross-sectional Marsabit County - Kenya. A total 1,074 women 225 children participated provided blood...
Abstract Background Colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria increases the risk of drug-resistant infections. We identified factors potentially associated human colonization extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) in low-income urban and rural communities Kenya. Methods Fecal specimens, demographic socioeconomic data were collected cross-sectionally from clustered random samples respondents (Kibera, Nairobi County) (Asembo, Siaya between January 2019...
Brucellosis is one of the world's most widespread zoonosis. We determined sero-prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in humans their animals Kajiado Kiambu Counties Kenya through simultaneous cross sectional surveys. The current study simultaneously investigated linkage between within same household at time. A human prevalence range 2.2%-14.1% reported while was 1.2%-3.4%. Having animal contact as well handling hides skins (OR =6.6, 95% CI: 4.5-9.7) predisposed to exposure brucellosis.