A5045771821- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Malaria Research and Control
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Global Health Care Issues
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Global Health Workforce Issues
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2014-2024
Washington State University
2020-2024
Washington State Department of Health
2021-2024
The human landing catch (HLC) has long been the gold standard for estimating malaria transmission by mosquitoes, but come under scrutiny because of ethical concerns exposing collectors to infectious bites. We estimated incidence Plasmodium falciparum infection in a cohort 152 persons conducting HLCs and compared it with that 147 non-collectors western Kenya. Participants were presumptively cleared Coartem™ (artemether-lumefantrine) tested every 2 weeks 12 weeks. HLC collections conducted...
The lower than expected COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Africa has been attributed to multiple factors, including weak surveillance. This study estimated the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections eight months into epidemic Nairobi, Kenya.A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage random sampling select households within Nairobi November 2020. Sera from consenting household members were tested for antibodies SARS-CoV-2. Seroprevalence after adjusting population...
Both insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) reduce malaria in high transmission areas.1–3 The combined effect of these interventions is unknown. We conducted a non-randomized prospective cohort study to determine protective efficacy IRS with ITNs (ITN + IRS) compared alone only) preventing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. At baseline, participants provided blood samples for smears, were presumptively treated malaria, received ITNs. Blood smears made monthly...
Background Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing IRS areas with moderate to high coverage ITNs. We evaluated impact an program related outcomes western Kenya, area intense perennial transmission ITN (55–65% use any net previous night). Methods The Kenya Division Malaria Control, support from US President's Initiative, conducted one...
Cholera is an issue of major public health importance. It was first reported in Kenya 1971, with the country experiencing outbreaks through years, most recently 2021. Factors associated include open defecation, population growth inadequate expansion safe drinking water and sanitation infrastructure, movement from neighboring countries, crowded settings such as refugee camps coupled massive displacement persons, mass gathering events, changes rainfall patterns. The Ministry Health, together...
Abstract Introduction Adverse birth outcomes particularly preterm births and congenital anomalies, are the leading causes of infant mortality globally, burden is highest in developing countries. We set out to determine frequency adverse risk factors associated with such a cohort pregnant women Kenya. Methods From October 2017 July 2019, < 28 weeks gestation were enrolled followed up until delivery three hospitals coastal Newborns examined at delivery. Among outcome data, we assessed...
Coverage with malaria in pregnancy interventions remains unacceptably low. Implementation research is needed to identify and quantify the bottlenecks for delivery use of these life-saving through antenatal clinics (ANC). A cross-sectional study was carried out ANC across nine health facilities western Kenya. Data were collected an individual visit structured observations exit interviews same clients. The cumulative intermediate systems effectiveness intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp)...
The seroprevalence of brucellosis among nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in arid lands is reported to be over10-fold higher than non-pastoralists farmers Kenya. Here, we compared the mixed farming with knowledge disease high-risk practices associated infection.Across-sectional study was conducted two counties - Kiambu County where primarily practice smallholder production crop farming, Marsabit pastoral production. Stratified random sampling applied, which sublocations were initially...
Background Brucellosis occurs globally with highly variable incidence in humans from very low North America and Western Europe to high the Middle East Asia. There are few data Sub-Saharan Africa. This study estimated of human brucellosis a pastoralist community Kenya. Methods Between February 2015 January 2016, we enrolled persons living randomly selected households Kajiado County. Free health care was offered at three facilities area. Those who met clinical case definition completed...
Brucellosis is one of the top five priority zoonosis in Kenya because socio-economic burden disease, especially among traditional, livestock keeping communities. We conducted a 1 year, hospital based, unmatched case–control study to determine risk factors for brucellosis Maasai pastoralists Kajiado County 2016. A case was defined by clinical criteria; fever or history and two signs suggestive positive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (c-ELISA). control as patients visiting...
Background: The lower-than-expected COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Africa has been attributed to multiple factors, including weak surveillance. We set out estimate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections eight months into epidemic Nairobi, Kenya.Methods: conducted a population based cross-sectional survey using multi-stage random sampling select households within Nairobi November 2020. Sera from consenting household members were tested for IgM IgG antibodies SARS-CoV-2. Seroprevalence was...
Brucellosis is one of the world's most widespread zoonosis. We determined sero-prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in humans their animals Kajiado Kiambu Counties Kenya through simultaneous cross sectional surveys. The current study simultaneously investigated linkage between within same household at time. A human prevalence range 2.2%-14.1% reported while was 1.2%-3.4%. Having animal contact as well handling hides skins (OR =6.6, 95% CI: 4.5-9.7) predisposed to exposure brucellosis.
Abstract Objective We conducted four cross-sectional studies over 1 year among humans and pigs in three slaughterhouses Central Western Kenya (> 350 km apart) to determine infection exposure influenza A viruses. Nasopharyngeal (NP) oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from participants who reported acute respiratory illness (ARI) defined as fever, cough or running nose. Nasal blood samples pigs. Human NP/OP pig nasal tested for virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain...
Influenza A viruses pose a significant risk to human health because of their wide host range and ability reassort into novel that can cause serious disease pandemics. Since transmission these between humans pigs be associated with occupational environmental exposures, we investigated the association exposure pigs, occurrence acute respiratory illness (ARI), influenza virus infection.The study was conducted in Kiambu County, county highest level intensive small-scale pig farming Kenya. Up 3...
In 2016, the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group requested additional programmatic and cost effectiveness data to inform choice of strategy for a national influenza vaccination program among children aged 6-23 months age. response, we conducted an vaccine demonstration project compare performance year-round versus campaign-mode strategy. Findings from this will help identify essential learning lessons program.
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background: </ns4:bold>High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries. Skilled birth delivery central to reducing mortality, yet facility remains low Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled and identified factors associated with County.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods: </ns4:bold>A cross-sectional was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. A structured...
<ns3:p>Background High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries. Skilled birth delivery key to reducing mortality, yet facility (skilled delvery) remains low Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled and identified factors associated with County. Methods A cross-sectional was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. structured questionnaire used collect data. Variables that...
Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common reason for healthcare seeking and hospitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa often presumed to be malaria. However, broad range of pathogens cause fever, more comprehensive data on AFI etiology can improve clinical management, prevent unnecessary prescriptions, guide public health interventions. We conducted surveillance (temperature ≥38.0°C <14 days duration) among hospitalized patients all ages at four sites Kenya (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kakamega, Kakuma)....
Following the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in countries bordering Kenya to west, we conducted surveillance among domestic and wild birds along shores Lake Victoria. In addition, between 2018 2020, poultry workers live bird markets migratory various lakes that are resting sites during migration assess introduction circulation viruses these populations. We tested 7,464 specimens (oropharyngeal cloacal swabs) from 6,531 fresh fecal for A by real-time RT-PCR....
Following the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in countries bordering Kenya to west, we conducted surveillance among domestic and wild birds along shores Lake Victoria. In addition, between 2018 2020, poultry workers live bird markets migratory various lakes that are resting sites during migration assess introduction circulation viruses these populations. We tested 7464 specimens (oropharyngeal (OP) cloacal specimens) from 6531 fresh fecal for A by real-time...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background: </ns4:bold>High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries. Skilled birth delivery central to reducing mortality, yet facility remains low Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled and identified factors associated with County.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods: </ns4:bold>A cross-sectional was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. A structured...