A5035343816- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2016-2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2022-2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2019-2024
Pwani University
2016-2022
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2022
Center for Global Health
2021-2022
Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit
2020
University of the Witwatersrand
2020
Wellcome Trust
2010-2019
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
2016-2017
Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in sub-Saharan Africa. Comparative estimates contribution causative pathogens to burden disease are essential for targeted vaccine development.To determine viral etiology severe pneumonia among infants and children at a rural Kenyan hospital using comprehensive sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques.Prospective observational case-control study during 2007 district hospital. Participants were aged 1 day 12 years, residing systematically...
BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of pneumonia mortality in young children. However, clinical data for fatal RSV are scarce. We aimed to identify and socioeconomic characteristics children aged younger than 5 years with RSV-related using individual patient data.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we developed online questionnaire obtain who died community-acquired between Jan 1, 1995, Oct 31, 2015, through leading research groups child...
Background Improved understanding and quantification of social contact patterns that govern the transmission dynamics respiratory viral infections has utility in design preventative control measures such as vaccination distancing. The objective this study was to quantify an age-specific matrix rates for a predominantly rural low-income population would support dynamic modeling viruses. Methods Findings From register Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System, coastal Kenya, 150...
Background.Although necessary for developing a rationale vaccination, the burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in children resource-poor settings remains poorly defined. Methods.We conducted prospective surveillance and very pneumonia aged <5 years admitted from 2002 through 2007 to Kilifi district hospital coastal Kenya. Nasal specimens were screened RSV antigen by immunofluorescence. Incidence rates estimated well-defined population. Results.Of 25,149 admissions, 7359...
Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development for direct protection of young infants faces substantial obstacles. Assessing the potential indirect using different strategies, such as targeting older children or mothers, requires knowledge source infection to infants. Methods. We undertook a prospective study in rural Kenya. Households with child born after preceding RSV epidemic and ≥1 elder sibling were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swab samples collected every 3–4 days...
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a globally endemic pathogen causing mild and severe respiratory tract infections with reinfections occurring repeatedly throughout lifetime.Nasal samples were collected in coastal Kenya through community-based hospital-based surveillance. HCoV-NL63 was detected multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR, positive targeted for nucleotide sequencing of the spike (S) protein. Additionally, paired from 25 individuals evidence repeat infection selected...
The lower than expected COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Africa has been attributed to multiple factors, including weak surveillance. This study estimated the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections eight months into epidemic Nairobi, Kenya.A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage random sampling select households within Nairobi November 2020. Sera from consenting household members were tested for antibodies SARS-CoV-2. Seroprevalence after adjusting population...
Enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, remains major cause of morbidity mortality in low-income middle-income countries. fever is preventable through the provision clean water adequate sanitation can be successfully treated with antibiotics. However, high levels antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compromise effectiveness treatment. We provide estimates prevalence AMR S A 75 endemic countries, including 30 locations without data.
SUMMARY RSV is the most important viral cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children worldwide has been associated with significant disease burden. With renewed interest vaccines, we provide realistic estimates on duration, influencing factors shedding which are required to better understand impact vaccination virus transmission dynamics. The data arise from a prospective study 47 households (493 individuals) rural Kenya, followed through 6-month period an seasonal outbreak. Deep...
ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with severe childhood infections. A clear description of local RSV molecular epidemiology, evolution, and transmission requires detailed sequence data can inform new strategies for control vaccine development. We have generated 27 complete or nearly genomes from hospitalized children attending a rural coastal district hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, over 10-year period using novel full-genome deep-sequencing process. Phylogenetic...
Background. The characteristics, determinants, and potential contribution to transmission of asymptomatic cases respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have not been well described. Methods. A cohort 47 households (493 individuals) in coastal Kenya was recruited followed for a 26-week period spanning complete RSV season. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were requested weekly, during the first 4 weeks, twice weekly thereafter from all household members, regardless illness status. samples...
Close proximity interactions between individuals influence how infections spread. Quantifying close contacts in developing world settings, where such data is sparse yet disease burden high, can provide insights into the design of intervention strategies as vaccination. Recent technological advances have enabled collection time-resolved face-to-face human contact using radio frequency sensors. The acceptability and practicalities devices within country setting not been investigated. We...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% mortality occurring in low- and lower middle-income countries. At least half RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur the community, but clinical characteristics this group children remain poorly characterized.The RSV Global Online Mortality Database (RSV GOLD), global registry under-5 who have died illness, describes dying through data sharing. GOLD acts as collaborative platform for deaths, including...
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial burden of acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5 years, particularly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Maternal vaccine (MV) next-generation monoclonal antibody (mAb) candidates have been shown to reduce RSV disease infants phase 3 clinical trials. The cost-effectiveness these biologics has estimated using data from global meta-analyses, but are sensitive the detailed age breakdown paediatric...
Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection morbidity and mortality in children globally, causing 3·2–3·6 million hospitalisations more than 100 000 deaths annually younger 5 years, 99% which occur low-income middle-income countries (LMICs).1Li Y Wang X Blau DM et al.Global, regional, national disease burden estimates acute infections due to years 2019: systematic analysis.Lancet. 2022; 399: 2047-2064Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (187) Google...
We sought to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence within representative samples of the Kenyan population during third year COVID-19 pandemic and second vaccine use.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease and related hospitalization young children in least developed countries. Individuals are repeatedly infected, but it the first exposure, often early infancy, that results vast majority severe RSV disease. Unfortunately, due to immunological immaturity, infants problematic vaccine target. Several trials ongoing identify suitable candidate target group, no immunization program yet place. In this work, an...
Background: Endemic and seasonally recurring respiratory viruses are a major cause of disease death globally. The burden is particularly severe in developing countries. Improved understanding the source infection, pathways spread persistence communities would be benefit devising intervention strategies. Methods: We report epidemiological data obtained through surveillance at nine outpatient health facilities within Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System, County, coastal Kenya, between...