A5084640097- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Malaria Research and Control
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Global Health and Surgery
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- ICT in Developing Communities
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health disparities and outcomes
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Global Health and Epidemiology
African Population and Health Research Center
2024-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2015-2024
Empowerment Program
2023
Great Lakes University of Kisumu
2023
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2012-2022
Wellcome Trust
2021-2022
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2016-2020
University of Nairobi
2017
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
2016
Center for Global Health
2016
Policy decisions on COVID-19 interventions should be informed by a local, regional and national understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Epidemic waves may result when restrictions are lifted or poorly adhered to, variants with new phenotypic properties successfully invade, infection spreads to susceptible subpopulations. Three epidemic have been observed in Kenya. Using mechanistic mathematical model, we explain the first two distinct...
Both insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) reduce malaria in high transmission areas.1–3 The combined effect of these interventions is unknown. We conducted a non-randomized prospective cohort study to determine protective efficacy IRS with ITNs (ITN + IRS) compared alone only) preventing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. At baseline, participants provided blood samples for smears, were presumptively treated malaria, received ITNs. Blood smears made monthly...
The prevalence of aflatoxin and fumonisin was investigated in maize intended for immediate human consumption eastern Kenya at a time 2010 when an outbreak recognized. Samples were collected from people who brought their processing local commercial mills. Sites selected using geographical information system overlay agroecological zones Kenya's administrative districts. Interviews collection flour samples conducted 1,500 processed 143 mills 10 Mycotoxins analyzed enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Monitoring local malaria transmission intensity is essential for planning evidence-based control strategies and evaluating their impact over time. Anti-malarial antibodies provide information on cumulative exposure have proven useful, in areas where has dropped to low sustained levels, retrospectively reconstructing the timing magnitude of reduction. It unclear whether serological markers are also informative high settings, interventions may reduce transmission, but a level considerable...
We estimated unit costs for COVID-19 case management patients with asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, severe and critical disease in Kenya.We per-day of patients. used a bottom-up approach to estimate full economic adopted health system perspective patient episode care as our time horizon. obtained data on inputs their quantities from provided by three public treatment hospitals Kenya augmented this guidelines. input prices recent costing survey 20 market Kenya.Per-day, per-patient asymptomatic...
School-based hygiene and water treatment programs increase student knowledge, improve hygiene, decrease absenteeism, however health impact studies of these are lacking. We collected baseline information from students in 42 schools Kenya. then instituted a curriculum on safe hand installed stations half (“intervention schools”). One year later, we implemented the intervention remaining schools. Through biweekly household visits two annual surveys, compared effect practices reported illness....
Background Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing IRS areas with moderate to high coverage ITNs. We evaluated impact an program related outcomes western Kenya, area intense perennial transmission ITN (55–65% use any net previous night). Methods The Kenya Division Malaria Control, support from US President's Initiative, conducted one...
Although malaria control intervention has greatly decreased morbidity and mortality in many African countries, further decline parasite prevalence stagnated western Kenya. In order to assess if transmission reservoir is associated with this stagnation, submicroscopic infection gametocyte carriage was estimated. Risk factors associations between interventions were investigated study.A total of 996 dried blood spot samples used from two strata, all smear-positives (516 samples) randomly...
Health inequality is a recognized barrier to achieving health-related development goals. Health-equality data are essential for evidence-based planning and assessing the effectiveness of initiatives promote equity. Such have been captured but not always analysed or used manage programming. were examined microeconomic differences in malaria indices associated control western Kenya. Data was from cross-sectional survey conducted July 2012 among 2719 people 1063 households Siaya County,...
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of cervical cancer cases and deaths worldwide. Kenya introduced a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (GARDASIL, hereafter referred to as GARDASIL-4) for ten-year-old girls in late 2019 with donor support from Gavi, Vaccine Alliance. As may soon graduate Gavi support, it is important evaluate potential cost-effectiveness budget impact current vaccine, alternatives. We used proportionate outcomes static cohort model annual lifetime vaccinating over period...
Unlike praziquantel, artemisinin derivatives are effective against juvenile schistosome worms. We assessed the efficacy and safety of a single oral dose artesunate plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine versus praziquantel in treatment Schistosoma mansoni. Seventy-three schoolchildren (aged 9-15 years) with confirmed S. mansoni infection Rarieda, western Kenya, were randomly assigned to receive either (n = 39) or 34). The cure egg reduction rates at 4 weeks posttreatment 69.4% (25/36) 80.6% (25/31) (P...
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the daunting challenge of vaccine hesitancy. We aimed to describe attitudes towards virus containment and vaccination in rural Kenya. Identifying factors associated with willingness be vaccinated information sources health worker outreach, will allow for targeted programming prevention methods. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational survey. study conducted Migori County, 7,196 heads households were surveyed between May 3, 2021 June 25,...
Background In 2007, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with local Kenyan institutions to implement Nyando Integrated Child Health Education Project, an effectiveness study that used social marketing a community-based distribution program promote sale of Sprinkles other health products. Objective To describe monitoring wholesale sales, household demand, promotional strategies, perceived factors influencing sales among vendors. Methods Ongoing quantitative qualitative...
Objectives This study aimed to examine patterns and determinants of modern contraceptive discontinuation among women in Kenya. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted using national representative Kenya Demographic Health Surveys 2003, 2008/9, 2014. These household cross-sectional surveys targeted reproductive age from 15 49 years who had experienced an episode use within five preceding the 2003 (n = 2686), 2008/9 2992), 2014 (5919). The rate defined as number episodes discontinued divided...
The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in malaria parasite prevalence and related socioeconomic inequalities indicators from 2006 2013 during a period intensification control interventions Siaya County, western Kenya.Data were analysed eight independent annual cross-sectional surveys combined sample 19 315 individuals selected 7253 households. Study setting health demographic surveillance area Kenya. Data collected included factors, household assets, fever medication use,...
Abstract Background Global gains toward malaria elimination have been heterogeneous and recently stalled. Interventions targeting afebrile infections may be needed to address residual transmission. We studied the efficacy of repeated rounds community-based mass testing treatment (MTaT) on infection prevalence in western Kenya. Methods Twenty clusters were randomly assigned 3 MTaT per year for 2 years or control (standard care at public health facilities along with government-sponsored...
Shock is often under-reported in children attending hospitals developing countries. Readily obtainable features of shock (capillary refill time, temperature gradient, pulse volume, and signs dehydration) are widely used to help prioritise management the emergency assessment critically ill or injured children. However, data lacking on their validity, including, importantly, reproducibility between observers. Agreement these was examined 100 consecutive admitted a paediatric ward coast Kenya....
Abstract Policy makers in Africa need robust estimates of the current and future spread SARS-CoV-2. Data suitable for this purpose are scant. We used national surveillance PCR test, serological survey mobility data to develop fit a county-specific transmission model Kenya. estimate that SARS-CoV-2 pandemic peaked before end July 2020 major urban counties, with 34 - 41% residents infected, will peak elsewhere country within 2-3 months. Despite penetration, reported severe cases deaths low....
The resources for critical care are limited in many settings, exacerbating the significant morbidity and mortality associated with illness. Budget constraints can lead to choices between investing advanced (e.g. mechanical ventilators intensive units) or more basic such as Essential Emergency Critical Care (EECC; e.g. vital signs monitoring, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids).We investigated cost effectiveness of providing EECC Tanzania comparison 'no care' 'district hospital-level using...
We interviewed caretakers of 1,043 children < 5 years old in a baseline cross-sectional survey (April to May 2007) and > 20,000 on five separate subsequent occasions (May 2009 December 31, 2010) assess healthcare seeking patterns for diarrhea. Diarrhea prevalence during the preceding 2 weeks ranged from 26% at 4-11% 2009-2010. Caretakers were less likely seek outside home infants (versus older children) with diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.33, confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.87)....
Exposure to household air pollutants released during cooking has been linked numerous adverse health outcomes among residents of rural areas in low-income countries. Improved cookstoves are one few available interventions, but achieving equity cookstove access challenging. Therefore, innovative approaches needed. To evaluate a project designed motivate adoption locally-produced, ceramic (upesi jiko) an impoverished, African population, we assessed the perceived benefits (in monetary and...
<ns4:p>Policymakers in Africa need robust estimates of the current and future spread SARS-CoV-2. We used national surveillance PCR test, serological survey mobility data to develop fit a county-specific transmission model for Kenya up end September 2020, which encompasses first wave SARS-CoV-2 country. estimate that pandemic peaked before July 2020 major urban counties, with 30-50% residents infected. Our analysis suggests, first, reported low COVID-19 disease burden cannot be explained...