Agrivoltaic (AV) systems have the potential to meet growing demand for sustainable societal development due their ability simultaneously enable food and energy production by using photovoltaics (PVs) on same land used agricultural activities. One of major factors restricting widespread implementation AV is lack information regarding operational lifetime, which influenced various degradation factors. This paper reviews main factors, modes, physical mechanisms responsible PV deterioration...

We demonstrate control, via electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) induced polymer instabilities and nanoparticle mobility, of hierarchical fractal arrangements gold nanoparticles on patterned thin films. The changes in the film curvature enhance formation for high not low mobility nanoparticles. cluster circular networks rims a hexagonally ordered array EHD-induced peaks. These exhibit plasmonic properties surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.

Strong electric fields produce forces that can overcome the surface tension in thin liquid polymer films and this way induce an instability of free film, triggers formation structures on a micrometer length scale. Here, we study experimentally polymer–air–polymer system for several combinations films. These results are accompanied by theoretical considerations based coupled long-wave time evolution equations two profiles. The linear stability nonlinear investigated compared to experimental...

Thin and ultrathin polymer films combined with nanoparticles (NPs) are of significant interest as they used in a host industrial applications. In this paper we describe the stability such (hpoly ≤ 30 nm) to dewetting, specifically, how development spinodal instability composite NP–polymer layer is controlled by embedding Au NPs. At working temperatures (T = 170 °C) above glass transition temperature (Tg ≈ 100 absence NPs leads film rupture nucleation while their presence over large surface...

Exploiting solar energy using photo-thermal (PT) and/or hybridised photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems can represent a viable alternative to the growing demand for renewable energy. For large-scale implementation, such require thermal fluids able enhance combined conversion efficiency achievable by controlling ‘thermal’ and ‘electrical’ components of spectrum. Nanofluids are typically employed these purposes they should exhibit high heat-transfer capabilities optical properties tuned towards...

The use of photovoltaics (PVs) and/or photo-thermal (PTs) as primary solar-energy solutions is limited by the low solar conversion PVs due to spectral mismatch between incident radiation PV material. PTs are curtailed absorbance and thermal conductivity working fluid. A possible solution luminophores able perform luminescent down-shifting (LDS) incorporate them in liquid or solid layers, which act beam splitters (SBSs). Dispersed polymer lead concentrators (LSC). When dispersed placed front...

Emissive probes are standard tools in laboratory plasmas for the direct determination of plasma potential. Usually they consist a loop refractory wire heated by an electric current until sufficient electron emission. Recently emissive were used also measuring radial fluctuation-induced particle flux and other essential parameters edge turbulence magnetized toroidal hot [R. Schrittwieser et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 50, 055004 (2008)]. We have developed investigated various types...

SIGNIFICANCE An understanding of factors that affect the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy eyes may aid early identification patients at risk retinal pathology, thereby allowing better management and preventive measures to be implemented. PURPOSE The size shape FAZ can change due diseases associated with oxidative stress, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, macular degeneration. This study aimed assess relationship, if any, between superficial (i.e., vessel density, perfusion,...

The stability of polystyrene thin films low molecular weight on a solid substrate is shown to be controlled by the presence uniformly distributed gold sputtered at air–polymer interface. Continuous coverage causes formation wrinkles. High and Au nanoparticle (NP) density leads development spinodal instability while NP retards nucleation dewetting mechanism that beads up polymer film into drops when no present. Heating temperature larger than glass transition for extended periods allows NPs...

The stability of thin poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) films low molecular weight on a solid substrate is controlled by the areal coverage gold nanoparticles (NPs) present at air–polymer interface. As polymer becomes liquid Au NPs are free to diffuse, coalesce, and aggregate while film can change its morphology through viscous flow. These processes lead same time formation fractal network development spinodal instabilities surface films. For thinner single wavelength observed, for thicker...

High-sensitivity and simple, low-cost readout are desirable features for sensors independent of the application area. Micro-cantilever use deflection induced by analyte presence to achieve high-sensitivity but possess complex electronic readouts. Current holographic probe measuring changes in their optical properties, have a simpler readout, sensitivity can be further improved. Here, two working principles were combined obtain new hybrid sensor with enhanced sensitivity. The diffractive...

Direct coating methods using metal particles from aqueous solutions or solvent-based inks become central in the roll-to-roll fabrication processes as these can lead to continuous pre-defined conductive layers on a large variety of substrates. For good electrical conductivity, have be brought into contact, and traditionally, additional sintering treatments are required. Such degrade sensitive substrates paper polymer films. In this study, possibility obtaining at room temperature is...

The high sensitivity of silicon microcantilever sensors has expanded their use in areas ranging from gas sensing to bio-medical applications. Photochromic molecules also represent promising candidates for a large variety In this work, the operating principles these two methods are combined order detect reversible conformational change molecular switch, spiropyran. Thus, arrays were functionalized with spiropyran on gold covered side and used as test microcantilevers. deflection response was...

The requirement for low-cost access to energy storage technologies is increasing with the continued growth of renewable energy. hydrogen economy also expected emerge improve security and meet growing pressures environmental requirements. Hydrogen redox flow batteries (RFB) have promising characteristics that can allow increased penetration reduction in grid strong synergy between natural gas anticipates new efficient methods production such as microwave plasma processing might a leading...

Combining photovoltaic (PV) and photo-thermal (PT) energy collection strategies in a single system can enhance solar conversion efficiencies, leading to increased economic returns wider adoption of renewable sources. This study focuses on incorporating commercial luminescent organic dye (BASF Lumogen F Red 305) into ethylene glycol explore its potential for PVT applications. The optical electrical characteristics the working fluid were evaluated at different temperatures under direct...

In certain experimental conditions, in front of a positively biased electrode immersed into diffusion plasma, concentric multiple double layers structure can appear. If the is large or asymmetric (one dimension larger than others), this appears nonconcentrically, as many spherical luminous structures attached to electrode. Each these consists positive nucleus (an ion-rich plasma) bordered by an electrical layer. The are almost equally distributed on because negative external shell

Abstract Hybridising photovoltaic and photothermal technologies into a single system that can simultaneously deliver heat power represents one of the leading strategies for generating clean energy at more affordable prices. In hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system, capability to modulate thermal electrical output is significantly influenced by spectral properties transfer fluid utilised. this study, we report on first experimental evaluations multimodal silver nanofluid containing various...

Reliable diagnostics of the plasma potential is one most important challenges in context with production, control and confinement a plasma. Emissive probes are readily available as direct diagnostic tools for good temporal spatial resolution many plasmas, even up to middle-sized fusion experiments. We present results investigations on heating lanthanum hexaboride graphite an infrared diode laser development laser-heated emissive probe. Such probe has higher electron emission, much longer...

By applying a positive potential on an electrode immersed in plasma, complex space charge configuration can be obtained front of it. Diagnosis methods prove that this structure consist nucleus (an ion-rich plasma) surrounded by electrical double layer. Under certain experimental conditions, more form two or subsequent layers was observed. It appears as several bright and concentric plasma shells attached to the electrode. The successive are precisely located at abrupt changes luminosity...

The term optomechanical sensors describes devices based on coupling the optical and mechanical sensing principles. presence of a target analyte leads to change, which, in turn, determines an alteration light propagation. Having higher sensitivity comparison with individual technologies upon which they are based, used biosensing, humidity, temperature, gases detection. This perspective focuses particular class, namely diffractive structures (DOS). Many configurations have been developed,...