Ionically conducting polymers (salts dissolved in a polymer matrix) are of great interest because they uniquely exhibit ionic conductivity soft but solid membrane. As such, critical to the development devices such as all-solid-state lithium batteries. The established view electrolytes is that this occurs amorphous materials above their glass transition temperature and crystalline insulators. In contrast, we show three electrolytes, poly(ethylene oxide)(6):LiXF(6), X = P, As, Sb, not only...

Accurate monitoring of battery cell state charge (SoC) and health (SoH) is vital to the safe effective operation rechargeable systems such as those in electric vehicles yet remains a challenge while system use. A new surface-mounted sensor enabling simple rapid lithium-ion SoC SoH demonstrated. Small changes volume brought about by expansion contraction electrode materials during discharge are detected through electrical resistance graphene film sensor. The relationship between SoC/voltage...

All carbon-based sensors play a critical role in ensuring the sustainability of smart packaging while enabling real-time monitoring parameters such as humidity, temperature, pressure, and strain during transit. This systematic review covers literature between 2013 16 November 2024 Scopus, Web Science, IEEE Xplore, Wiley databases, focusing on sensor materials, structural design, fabrication technologies that contribute to maximizing performance scalability with particular emphasis food...

A discotic liquid crystal triblock copolymer consisting of a central main chain triphenylene-based block capped at both ends by blocks poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (MW = 2000 g mol−1) has been doped with lithium perchlorate in an EO:Li 6:1 ratio. The polymer electrolyte exhibits phase separated morphology columnar hexagonal and PEO-rich regions. forms self-supporting, solid-like films. ionic conductivity on initial heating the sample is very low below ca. 60 °C but increases rapidly above this...

The performance of LiNiN as electrode material in lithium batteries was successfully tested. Stable capacities 142 mA·h/g, 237 and 341 mA·h/g are obtained when the compound is cycled between 0 1.3 V, 1.45 1.65 respectively. These results confirm that it a promising alternative negative Li-ion batteries.

Printing of highly conductive tracks at low cost is primary importance for the emerging field flexible, plastic, and large-area electronics. Commonly, this achieved by printing metallic inks, often based on Ag or Cu nanoparticles dispersed in organic solvents. The solvents, which must be safely removed, have particular storage handling requirements, thus increasing process costs. By using water-based inks containing micron-sized silver flakes, both material costs can reduced, making these...

Fifteen-layered graphene films have been successfully deposited onto flexible substrates using a commercial ink consisting of particles dispersed in an acrylic polymer binder. A value was obtained for the density defects, primarily located at flake edges, from ratio D and G Raman peaks respectively. thick drop-cast on interdigitated silver electrodes exhibited Ohmic conduction with small activation energy 12 meV over temperature range to The photo-thermoelectric effect is believed be...

Mixed halide Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are commonly produced by depositing PbCl2 and CH3NH3I from a common solvent followed thermal annealing, which in an up-scaled manufacturing process is likely to take place under ambient conditions. However, it has been reported that, similar the effects of humidity also affects crystallisation behaviour subsequent growth films. This implies that both these factors must be accounted for cell production. In this work, we report first time correlation...

The structure, Li+ diffusion dynamics, and magnetic properties of the layered nitridonickelate(II), LiNiN, have been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, 7Li solid-state NMR, SQUID magnetometry compared contrasted with those fast ion conductor, Li3N. replacement Ni2+ concomitant generation vacancies has profound effects on ionic electronic properties. nitridonickelate, akin to its binary parent, displays rapid but, contrast, process is confined only Li-N planes. Further, Li Ni leads a...

We demonstrate the use of activation energy versus volume "master plots" to explore ion transport in typical fragile glass forming systems exhibiting non-Arrhenius behavior. These include solvent-free salt complexes poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and low molecular weight poly(propylene (PPO) molten 2Ca(NO3)2.3KNO3 (CKN). Plots showing variations apparent EA VA are straight lines with slopes given by M = DeltaEA/DeltaVA. A simple mechanism is described where rate determining step involves a...

Muon spin relaxation and powder neutron diffraction have been combined to study three lithium cobalt nitride battery materials. Neutron shows that these retain the P6/mmm space group of Li(3)N with Co located only on Li(1) sites. The lattice parameters vary smoothly degree metal substitution, such [Li(2)N] layers expand while layer separation contracts, as observed previously for similar series Cu- Ni-substituted However, in contrast latter, Li(3-x-y)Co(x)N phases exhibit Curie-Weiss...

The layered ternary nitride LiNiN shows an interesting combination of fast Li+ ion diffusion and metallic behavior, properties which suggest potential applications as electrode material in lithium batteries. A detailed investigation the structure using powder neutron diffraction, ab initio calculations, SQUID magnetometry, solid-state NMR is described. Variable-temperature diffraction demonstrates that forms a variant parent Li3N vacancies are ordered within [LiN] planes with Ni exclusively...

Abstract Composite structures are attracting more interest due to their outstanding mechanical properties; thus, inspection and health assessment key items for safe use. In this article we present a graphene-based sensor that evaluates the strain generated within composite. A finite element model was developed investigate mechanism driving graphene act as sensor. prototype manufactured, using commercially available ink. The in composite samples measured gauge factor identified by applying...

The structures, magnetism and ion transport properties of the ternary nitrides Li3−x−yMxN (M = Co, Ni, Cu; y lithium vacancy) were examined by powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR SQUID magnetometry. Doping levels are achieved up to x ≈ 0.4 for M Cu but much higher substitution (x 1) obtained in Li–Ni–N system. Transition metals substitute Li at Li(1) interplanar site ensuing vacancies disordered within [Li2N] planes. High system lead formation ordered phases. Diffusion parameters,...

A comprehensive study of the system Li3-x-yNixN has investigated systematically way in which synthesis parameters can be utilized to control stoichiometry and structure. Powder neutron diffraction SQUID magnetometry have been used characterize several representative compounds (with 0 < x 1) ternary phase system. The results show that processing conditions such as reaction time temperature profound effects on levels lithium vacancies (y) that, a manner similar nitride (Li3N) itself, are...

New nitridocobaltates Li(3-x-y)Co(x)N are revealed to contain significant Li(+) vacancies (y approximately 0.45) disordered within lithium-nitrogen planes and exist as partially delocalised spin systems a result of increased covalency through infinite -N-(Li,Co)-N- chains.

A combined NMR and neutron diffraction study has been carried out on three Li(3-x-y)Cu(x)N materials with x=0.17, x=0.29 x=0.36. Neutron indicates that the samples retain P6/mmm space group of parent Li(3)N Cu located only Li(1) sites. The lattice parameters vary smoothly x in a similar fashion to Li(3-x-y)Ni(x)N, but Li(2) vacancy concentration for Cu-substituted is negligible. This structural model confirmed by wideline (7)Li spectra at 193 K which show different local environments site,...

Ionic conductivities of polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexes with LiClO4 have been measured at pressures up to 200 MPa over the temperature range 303–353 K. Two systems differing in phase morphology are compared by reference their temperature-dependent activation energies and volumes. For an amorphous complex composition PEO ∶ LiClO4(6 1), Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) behaviour is found, enabling be calculated as a function from best fit equation, while volumes obtained directly isothermal...

Achieving higher performance in zinc oxide (ZnO) at room and mid-temperatures is crucial for applications requiring high energy conversion efficiency. This study focuses on grain boundary engineering techniques an innovative modeling approach to optimize the thermoelectric properties of ZnO materials. An analysis was conducted investigate influence boundaries evaluate its using quality factor B as a descriptor.The findings indicate that could be significantly enhanced low mid-range...

The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasize urgent need to fight against all forms of poverty, advance sustainable development, achieve a low carbon future.Electricity is critical poverty alleviation, economic growth living standards improvement.According World Bank, there some improvement in global population access electricity, although energy still real challenge with around 675 million people without electricity.Moreover, number electricity sub-Saharan...