Centrosomes are important cell organizers. They consist of a pair centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM) that expands dramatically during mitosis-a process termed centrosome maturation. How centrosomes mature remains mysterious. Here, we identify domain in Drosophila Cnn appears to be phosphorylated Polo/Plk1 specifically at mitosis. The phosphorylation promotes the assembly scaffold around is constant flux, with molecules recruited continuously as spreads slowly outward....

During cytokinesis, furrow ingression and plasma membrane fission irreversibly separate daughter cells. How actomyosin ring assembly contraction, vesicle fusion, abscission are spatially coordinated was unknown. We found that during cytokinesis septin rings, located on both sides of the ring, acted as barriers to compartmentalize cortex around cleavage site. Compartmentalization maintained diffusible cortical factors, such exocyst polarizome, site cleavage. In turn, factors were required for...

Centrosomes comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous pericentriolar material (PCM). Here, we have performed microscopy-based genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila cells to identify proteins required for centriole duplication and mitotic PCM recruitment. We analysed 92% the genome (13,059 genes) identified 32 genes involved centrosome function. An extensive series secondary screens classified these into four categories: (1) nine are duplication, (2) 11...

In Caenorhabditis elegans, five proteins are required for centriole duplication: SPD-2, ZYG-1, SAS-5, SAS-6, and SAS-4. Functional orthologues of all but SAS-5 have been found in other species. Drosophila melanogaster humans, Sak/Plk4, DSas-6/hSas-6, DSas-4/CPAP—orthologues SAS-4, respectively—are duplication. Strikingly, three fly can induce the de novo formation centriole-like structures when overexpressed unfertilized eggs. Here, we find that eight candidate duplication factors identified...

Cilia are cellular projections that perform sensory and motile functions in eukaryotic cells. A defining feature of cilia is they evolutionarily ancient, yet not universally conserved. In this study, we have used the resulting presence absence pattern genomes diverse eukaryotes to identify a set 386 human genes associated with cilium assembly or motility. Comprehensive tissue-specific RNAi Drosophila mutant analysis C. elegans revealed signature ciliary defects for 70-80% novel genes,...

CP110 is a conserved centriole protein implicated in the regulation of cell division, duplication, and length suppression ciliogenesis. Surprisingly, we report that mutant flies lacking (CP110Δ) were viable fertile had no obvious defects or cilia formation. We show has at least three functions flies. First, it subtly influences by counteracting centriole-elongating activity several duplication proteins. Specifically, centrioles are ∼10% longer than normal CP110Δ mutants ∼20% shorter when...

Recent studies have identified a conserved “core” of proteins that are required for centriole duplication. A small number additional recently been as potential duplication factors, but it is unclear whether any these components the core machinery. In this study, we investigate function one proteins, Drosophila melanogaster Ana3. We show Ana3 present in centrioles and basal bodies, its behavior distinct from proteins. Most importantly, find structural integrity both bodies cohesion, not...

Centrioles are highly elaborate microtubule-based structures responsible for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Despite considerable variation across species tissues within any given tissue, their size is essentially constant [1, 2]. While diameter centriole cylinder set by dimensions inner scaffolding structure cartwheel [3], how length so precisely stably maintained over many cell divisions not well understood. Cep97 CP110 conserved proteins that localize to distal end centrioles have...

Climate change is the greatest challenge of our time, and drastic climate action needed urgently across industries sectors to prevent worst in terms consequences. Although academic research brings great benefits society, it leaves behind a considerable environmental footprint at same time. This particularly true for lab within life sciences. To reduce impact research, both bottom-up top-down strategies are necessary. On side, 'green' grassroots groups emerging academia, but most institutions...

Science & Society2 February 2023Open Access Transparent process The paradox of the life sciences How to address climate change in lab Nikola Winter Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-1989 Max Perutz Labs, Department Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University Vienna, Austria (www.maxperutzlabs.ac.at/about/sustainability) Search for more papers by this author Raphaël Marchand orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-1078 Faculty Physics, Structural Computational Christian Lehmann...

Abstract Centriolar satellites are cytoplasmic particles found in the vicinity of centrosomes and cilia whose functional contribution to formation these cellular structures has long been unclear. By characterizing main scaffolding component satellites, PCM1 or Combover Drosophila , we show that not involved trafficking as previously thought but rather act sites for coordinate translation centrosomal ciliary proteins through interaction with a set RNA binding quality control. Strikingly,...

Summary Dgp71WD/Nedd1 proteins are essential for mitotic spindle formation. In human cells, Nedd1 targets γ-tubulin to both centrosomes and spindles, but in other organisms the function of is less clear. Drosophila Dgp71WD plays a major part targeting not centrosomes, while Xenopus egg extracts, acts as more general microtubule (MT) organiser that can independently γ-tubulin. The interpretation these studies, however, complicated by fact some residual likely present cells/extracts analysed....

SUMMARY Centrioles are highly elaborate microtubule-based structures responsible for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Despite considerable variation across species tissues, within any given tissue their size is essentially constant [1, 2]. While diameter centriole cylinder set by dimensions inner scaffolding structure cartwheel [3], how length so precisely stably maintained over many cell divisions not well understood. Cep97 CP110 conserved proteins that localize to distal end...

SUMMARY Cilia are cellular projections that perform sensory and motile functions in eukaryotic cells. A defining feature of cilia is they evolutionarily ancient yet not universally conserved. In this study we have used the resulting presence absence pattern genomes diverse eukaryotes to identify a set 386 human genes associated with cilium assembly or motility. Comprehensive tissue-specific RNAi Drosophila mutant analysis C. elegans revealed signature ciliary defects for 70-80% novel genes,...