A5029099999- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Plant and animal studies
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Cassava research and cyanide
- Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
University of Cambridge
2016-2025
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
2025
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
2025
University College Dublin
2020
Met Office
2017-2018
University of the Free State
2018
The University of Sydney
2018
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
2015-2017
Cereal Disease Laboratory
2015
University of Minnesota
2015
COVID-19 is characterized by an infectious pre-symptomatic period, when newly infected individuals can unwittingly infect others. We are interested in what benefits facemasks could offer as a non-pharmaceutical intervention, especially the settings where high-technology interventions, such contact tracing using mobile apps or rapid case detection via molecular tests, not sustainable. Here, we report results of two mathematical models and show that facemask use public make major contribution...
A severe stem rust epidemic occurred in southern Ethiopia during November 2013 to January 2014, with yield losses close 100% on the most widely grown wheat cultivar, 'Digalu'. Sixty-four samples collected from regions were analyzed. meteorological model for airborne spore dispersal was used identify which likely have been infected postulated sites of initial infection. Based analyses 106 single-pustule isolates derived these samples, four races Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici identified:...
Significance We use sudden oak death in California to illustrate how mathematical modeling can be used optimize control of established epidemics invading pathogens complex heterogeneous landscapes. our statewide model—which has been parameterized pathogen spread data—to address a number broadly applicable questions. How quickly must management start? When is an epidemic too large prevent further effectively? should local treatment deployed? does this depend on the budget and level risk...
Summary Soils are one of the last great frontiers for biodiversity research and home to an extraordinary range microbial animal groups. Biological activities in soils drive many key ecosystem processes that govern global system, especially cycling elements such as carbon, nitrogen phosphorus. We cannot currently make firm statements about scale soils, or roles played by soil organisms transformations organic materials underlie those cycles. The recent UK Soil Biodiversity Programme (SBP) has...
The underlying structure of epidemiological models, and the questions that models can be used to address, do not necessarily depend on host organism in question. This means certain preoccupations plant disease modellers are similar those diseases human, livestock wild animal populations. However, a number aspects epidemiology very distinctive, this leads specific challenges modelling diseases, which turn sets agenda for modellers. Here we outline selection 13 challenges, epidemiology, feel...
The spread of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in natural environments poses substantial risks to biodiversity and ecosystem function. As EIDs their impacts grow, landscape- regional-scale models disease dynamics are increasingly needed for quantitative prediction epidemic outcomes design practicable strategies control. Here we use spatio-temporal, stochastic epidemiological modeling combination with realistic geographical predict the sudden oak death pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum)...
Little is known about how best to deploy scarce resources for disease control when epidemics occur in different but interconnected regions. We use a combination of optimal methods and epidemiological theory metapopulations address this problem. consider what strategy should be used if the objective minimize discounted number infected individuals during course an epidemic. show, system with two regions epidemic which recover can reinfected, that equalizing infection worst possible minimizing...
Summary 1. Few pathogens are the sole or primary cause of species extinctions, but forest disease has caused spectacular declines in North American overstorey trees and restructured ecosystems at large spatial scales over past 100 years. These events threaten biodiversity associated with impacted host other resources valued by human societies even when they do not directly extinction. 2. Invasion Phytophthora ramorum emergence sudden oak death a large‐scale decline tanoak ( Notholithocarpus...
Bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) is generally thought of as a historical disease; however, it still responsible for around 1000–3000 deaths each year worldwide. This paper expands the analysis model bubonic that encompasses disease dynamics in rat, flea and human populations. Some key variables deterministic model, including force infection to humans, are shown be robust changes basic parameters, although variation searching efficiency, movement rates rats fleas will considered throughout...
Using a contact-process model for the spread of crop disease over regional scale, we examine importance time scale control with respect to cost epidemic. The costs include direct treating infected sites as well indirect incurred through lost yield. We first use mean-field approximation derive analytical results optimal treatment regimes that minimize total distinguish short- and long-term epidemics. show seasonal (short scale) requires extreme treatment, either all or none switching between...
Exotic pathogens and pests threaten ecosystem service, biodiversity, crop security globally. If an invasive agent can disperse asymptomatically over long distances, multiple spatial temporal scales interplay, making identification of effective strategies to regulate, monitor, control disease extremely difficult. The management outbreaks is also challenged by limited data on the actual area infested dynamics spread, due financial, technological, or social constraints. We examine principles...
We assess how presymptomatic infection affects predictability of infectious disease epidemics. focus on whether or not a major outbreak (i.e. an epidemic that will go to infect large number individuals) can be predicted reliably soon after initial cases have appeared within population. For emerging epidemics, significant time and effort is spent recording symptomatic cases. Scientific attention has often focused improving statistical methodologies estimate transmission parameters from these...
Although local eradication is routinely attempted following introduction of disease into a new region, failure commonplace. Epidemiological principles governing the design successful control are not well-understood. We analyse factors underlying effectiveness reactive localised outbreaks invading plant disease, using citrus canker in Florida as case study, although our results largely generic, and apply to other pathogens (as we show via second greening). demonstrate how optimise removal...
Knowledge of the incubation period infectious diseases (time between host infection and expression disease symptoms) is crucial to our epidemiological understanding design appropriate prevention control policies. Plant cause substantial damage agricultural arboricultural systems, but there still very little information about how varies within populations. In this paper, we focus on soilborne plant pathogens, which are difficult detect as they spread infect hosts underground above-ground...
Summary Effective control of plant disease remains a key challenge. Eradication attempts often involve removal host plants within certain radius detection, targeting asymptomatic infection. Here we develop and test potentially more effective, epidemiologically motivated, strategies, using mathematical model previously fitted to the spread citrus canker in Florida. We risk‐based control, which preferentially removes hosts expected cause high number infections remaining population. Removals...
Significance Fast-moving and destructive emerging epidemics are seldom left to run their course because of the imperative control further spread. Contemporaneous measures, however, greatly complicate characterization disease transmission process extraction epidemiological parameters interest. The spread Huanglongbing on orchard scales is used as a case study for modeling an epidemic in presence control. We show that even with missing censored data, seasonal host age dependencies, it possible...