A5005649146- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Aeolian processes and effects
Met Office
2011-2025
Phillips Exeter Academy
2007-2021
University of Cape Town
2021
Université Grenoble Alpes
2021
Oxford Research Group
2021
Universität Innsbruck
2021
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2021
University of Leeds
2021
Institut polytechnique de Grenoble
2021
Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement
2021
Not at the Mercy of Wind How can insects that migrate high altitudes on fast-moving winds influence their direction migration, when wind speeds typically exceed self-propelled air by a factor three or four? Using automated vertical-looking entomological radar systems, Chapman et al. (p. 682 ) show compass-mediated selection favorable tailwinds, and partial correction for crosswind drift, are widespread phenomena in migrant insect species. Specialized flight behaviors have decisive migration...
A severe stem rust epidemic occurred in southern Ethiopia during November 2013 to January 2014, with yield losses close 100% on the most widely grown wheat cultivar, 'Digalu'. Sixty-four samples collected from regions were analyzed. meteorological model for airborne spore dispersal was used identify which likely have been infected postulated sites of initial infection. Based analyses 106 single-pustule isolates derived these samples, four races Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici identified:...
Little is known of the population dynamics long-range insect migrants, and it has been suggested that annual journeys billions nonhardy insects to exploit temperate zones during summer represent a sink from which future generations seldom return (the “Pied Piper” effect). We combine data entomological radars ground-based light traps show migrations are highly adaptive in noctuid moth Autographa gamma (silver Y), major agricultural pest. estimate 10–240 million immigrants reach United Kingdom...
Summary 1. Culicoides biting midges are vectors of internationally important arboviruses including bluetongue virus (BTV). The ecological constraints imposed by the small body size these insects strongly influence epidemiology diseases they can carry. Bluetongue recently emerged in northern Europe, and atmospheric dispersion models have subsequently been employed to simulate vector movement (and hence likely spread BTV). data underlying such models, however, hitherto either obtained from...
The 2006 bluetongue (BT) outbreak in northwestern Europe had devastating effects on cattle and sheep that intensively farmed area. role of wind disease spread, through its effect Culicoides dispersal, is still uncertain, remains unquantified. We examine here the relationship between farm-level infection dates speed direction within framework a novel model involving both mechanistic stochastic steps. consider as carrier host semio-chemicals, to which midges might respond by upwind flight,...
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an economically important pathogen of ruminants that the aetiological agent haemorrhagic disease bluetongue. biologically transmitted by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), and long-range dispersal infected vector species contributes substantially to rapid spread virus. The range semi-passive flights on prevailing winds has been inferred reach several hundred kilometres in a single night over water bodies. In this study, atmospheric dispersion model...
We introduce the concept of Climate Risk Narratives (CRNs), their origin, and evolution through a trans-disciplinary engaged research activity around urban climate resilience. While use narratives as communication engagement device is well established similar concepts such scenarios storylines exist, we describe learning value that this specific formulation has brought to an in-depth process. In particular, explore how different types uncertainty can be represented, co-produced, they bring...
Abstract Wheat rust diseases pose one of the greatest threats to global food security, including subsistence farmers in Ethiopia. The fungal spores transmitting wheat are dispersed by wind and can remain infectious after dispersal over long distances. emergence new strains has exacerbated risks severe crop loss. We describe construction deployment a near real-time early warning system (EWS) for two major wind-dispersed crops Ethiopia that combines existing environmental research...
Abstract The role of the northward expansion Culicoides imicola Kieffer in recent and unprecedented outbreaks -borne arboviruses southern Europe has been a significant point contention. We combined entomological surveys, movement simulations air-borne particles, population genetics to reconstruct chain events that led newly colonized French area nestled at northern foot Pyrenees. Simulating particles evidenced frequent wind-transport allowing, within most 36 hours, immigration midges from...
The Australian wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) population was shaped by the introduction of four exotic incursions into country. It previously hypothesized that at least two these (races 326-1,2,3,5,6 and 194-1,2,3,5,6 first detected in 1969) had an African origin moved across Indian Ocean to Australia on high-altitude winds. We provide strong supportive evidence for this hypothesis combining genetic analyses complex atmospheric dispersion modeling. Genetic analysis 29...
Abstract Pan-Africa convection-permitting regional climate model simulations have been performed to study the impact of high resolution and explicit representation atmospheric moist convection on present future Africa. These unique allowed European African scientists understand critical role that plays in ability a contemporary capture change, including many impact-relevant aspects such as rainfall variability extremes. There are significant improvements not only small-scale characteristics...
[1] Volcanic lightning has intrigued observers through the centuries. Several likely processes have been proposed to explain electrification of volcanic plumes, including quenching magma-water interactions, fracturing or internal friction fine grained ash, and freezing plume water at height. Scarce measurements not able distinguish between ideas. The Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland April–May 2010 may revealed its charge mechanism. During 39 days, went a few phases while conditions...
In recent years, severe wheat stem rust epidemics hit Ethiopia, sub-Saharan Africa's largest wheat-producing country. These were caused by race TKTTF (Digalu race) of the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, which, in was first detected at beginning August 2012. We use incursion this new as a case study to determine likely airborne origins fungal spores on regional and continental scales means Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). Two different techniques, LPDM simulations...
Surveillance of adult
ABSTRACT The Congo Basin in Central Africa is home to the second largest rainforest world after Amazon. These forests sequester more carbon than any other tropical forest both above‐ground biomass and world's peat deposits, located Cuvette Centrale. ecosystems are important for biodiversity livelihoods wellbeing of local people, they play a crucial role local, regional global water cycles. This interdisciplinary analysis climate change sciences was used bring together multiple sources...
In 2006, over 2000 cases of bluetongue were recorded in northern Europe. The disease, which has been more typically associated with Mediterranean areas, is believed to have become established hundreds kilometres the north its traditional area, probably as a consequence hottest summer/autumn period since records began. this special article, John Gloster and colleagues describe meteorological conditions surrounding 2006 outbreak, investigate possibility virus ( btv ) spreading on wind uk 2007....
Abstract Transboundary smoke haze caused by biomass burning frequently causes extreme air pollution episodes in maritime and continental Southeast Asia. With millions of people being affected this type every year, the task to introduce related quality forecasts is urgent. We investigate three severe episodes: June 2013 Maritime SE Asia, induced fires central Sumatra, March/April 2014 on mainland Based comparisons with surface measurements PM 10 we demonstrate that combination Lagrangian...
In September 2008, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) infection was detected for the first time in Sweden, a dairy herd on west coast. Two different previously published operational atmospheric dispersion models indicate that midges from infected regions Europe are likely to have reached Sweden by transport during an estimated window. Both indicated dates incursion of were overnight August 6 7 and 14 15; however, less constrained model number additional possible dates. The distribution...
Abstract The climate system comprises multiple components, primarily the atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, each incorporating physical processes that interact across scales. To help understand behaviour of this complex system, evaluate model simulations, researchers typically take a reductionist approach, focusing on individual studying their relationships with weather in different regions. While more holistic approaches, such as networks, have been developed to explicitly address complexity...
The aims of this study were to statistically reassess the likelihood that windborne spread foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) occurred at start UK 1967 1968 FMD epidemic Oswestry, Shropshire, and derive dose-response probability infection curves for farms exposed airborne FMDV. To enable this, data on all present in parishes near Oswestry assembled. Cases infected premises whose date appearance first clinical signs was within 14 days depopulation index farm. Logistic regression used...