A5045977099- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Education Methods and Practices
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Scottish History and National Identity
- Historical Education Studies Worldwide
- Agricultural pest management studies
The Pirbright Institute
2016-2025
University of Cambridge
2023-2024
Cornell University
2024
Plant (United States)
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2024
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2022
Advanced Neural Dynamics (United States)
2015
University of Aberdeen
2001-2007
EDF Energy (United Kingdom)
2003
Culicoides spp. biting midges transmit bluetongue virus (BTV), the aetiological agent of (BT), an economically important disease ruminants. In southern India, hyperendemic outbreaks BT exert high cost to subsistence farmers in region, impacting on sheep production. Effective monitoring methods coupled with accurate species identification can accelerate responses for minimising outbreaks. Here, we assessed utility sampling and DNA barcoding detection order provide informed basis future their...
Since 1998 bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes bluetongue, a non-contagious, insect-borne infectious disease of ruminants, has expanded northwards in Europe an unprecedented series incursions, suggesting that there is risk to the large and valuable British livestock industry. The basic reproduction number, R 0 , provides powerful tool with assess level posed by disease. In this paper, we compute for BTV population comprising two host species, cattle sheep. Estimates each parameter...
Four poll Dorset sheep and four Holstein‐Friesian cattle were infected with the northern European strain of bluetongue virus ( btv ), btv‐8 , to assess its pathogenicity in uk breeds. The time course infection was monitored both species by using real‐time reverse transcriptase‐ pcr rt‐pcr conventional serology. Two developed severe clinical signs that would have been fatal field; other two moderately mildly ill, respectively. clinically unaffected, but had high levels viral rna their...
The appearance of bluetongue virus (BTV) in 2006 within northern Europe exposed a lack expertise and resources available across this region to enable the accurate morphological identification species Culicoides Latreille biting midges, some which are major vectors pathogen. This work aims organise extant taxonomic knowledge into database produce an interactive key for females Western Palaearctic (IIKC: Interactive Culicoides). We then validated IIKC using trial carried out by six...
1 Bluetongue virus (BTV), a pathogen of ruminants transmitted by Culicoides midges, has emerged dramatically across Europe since 1998. Surveillance is currently carried out in every European country affected BTV, most commonly using standardized light-suction traps that sample the population adult present. To date, however, it not clear whether these trap catches accurately reflect biting Culicoides. 2 In our study, we 192 drop-trap at dusk on Poll Dorset sheep, drawing comparisons with...
Background The rate at which viruses replicate and disseminate in competent arthropod vectors is limited by the temperature of their environment, this can be an important determinant geographical seasonal limits to transmission arthropods temperate regions. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we present a novel statistical methodology for estimating relationship between extrinsic incubation period (EIP) apply it both published data on virus replication three internationally orbiviruses...
SUMMARY Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim this study was to investigate if lumpy virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks ( Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum.). Laboratory-bred R. males were fed on experimentally infected viraemic ‘donor’ cattle. Partially male then transferred feed uninfected ‘recipient’ cow. recipient animal became viraemic,...
Abstract Understanding how life is adapting to urban environments represents an important challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we investigate a widely cited example of adaptation, Culex pipiens form molestus , also known as the London Underground Mosquito. Population genomic analysis ∼350 contemporary and historical samples counter popular hypothesis that originated belowground less than 200 years ago. Instead, show first adapted human aboveground Middle East over course >1000 years,...
Oral susceptibility to infection with bluetongue virus (family Resviridae, genus Orbivirus, BTV) serotype 9 was characterized in three Palaearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Variation by using a recently described feeding technique shown occur between populations obsoletus Meigen complex midges from different geographic regions the United Kingdom rates varying 0.4 7.4% those tested. Susceptibility consistent on an annual basis at selected sites. Prevalence most...
This paper describes a rapid, standardised method for testing the susceptibility to bluetongue virus (BTV) of northern Palaearctic Culicoides species midges that can be used assess competence both field-caught and laboratory-infected midges. The has been show scoticus replicate btv serotype 8 BTV 9 strains more than 3 log(10) TCID50/midge, first evidence potential this transmit BTV.
Recently much attention has been given to developing national-scale micro-simulation models for livestock diseases that can be used predict spread and assess the impact of control measures. The focus these on directly transmitted infections with little vector-borne such as bluetongue, a viral disease ruminants by Culicoides biting midges. Yet BT emerged over past decade one most important livestock.
Summary 1. Culicoides biting midges are vectors of internationally important arboviruses including bluetongue virus (BTV). The ecological constraints imposed by the small body size these insects strongly influence epidemiology diseases they can carry. Bluetongue recently emerged in northern Europe, and atmospheric dispersion models have subsequently been employed to simulate vector movement (and hence likely spread BTV). data underlying such models, however, hitherto either obtained from...
The recent unprecedented emergence of arboviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges in northern Europe has necessitated the development techniques to differentiate competent vector species. At present these are entirely reliant upon interpretation semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqPCR) data form Cq values used infer presence viral RNA samples. This study investigates advantages and limitations sqPCR this role comparing infection dissemination rates Schmallenberg virus (SBV) two colony lines...
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has shown promise in species identification insect species. We evaluated its potential to consistently characterize laboratory-reared biting midges the Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Twenty-one reproducible biomarker masses for C. were identified under different experimental treatments. These treatments included homogenization insects either water or known concentrations...