Skeletal muscle is composed of heterogeneous myofibers with distinctive rates contraction, metabolic properties, and susceptibility to fatigue. We show that class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which function as transcriptional repressors the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor, fail accumulate in soleus, a slow muscle, compared fast muscles (e.g., white vastus lateralis). Accordingly, pharmacological blockade proteasome specifically increases expression HDAC...

EXERCISE training is used increasingly to prevent and treat disease, millions of healthy persons participate in strenuous sports; yet, the mechanisms by which exercise produces various clinical effects are imperfectly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that endogenous opioid peptides influence diverse functions linked with body's energy balance, including appetite,1 thermorégulation,2 lipolysis,3 reproduction.4 Preliminary observations athletes indicate acute expenditure during...

<h3>Importance</h3> Cancer treatments are associated with subsequent neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer. It is unknown whether temporal changes therapy neoplasm risk. <h3>Objective</h3> To quantify the association between treatment dosing and <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Retrospective, multicenter cohort study 5-year cancer diagnosed before age 21 years from pediatric tertiary hospitals United States Canada 1970-1999, follow-up through December 2015. <h3>Exposures</h3>...

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors cooperate with the MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) to drive skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, but little is known about potential functions MEF2 in postnatal muscle. Here we show that muscle-specific deletion Mef2c mice results disorganized myofibers and perinatal lethality. In contrast, neither Mef2a nor Mef2d required for normal vivo. Skeletal deficient differentiates forms rapidly deteriorate after birth...

Using a chronically implanted telemetric pressure sensor, we have determined the quantitative relationship between changes in body position and ventricular fluid normal subjects with shunts. The method allows accurate, reliable measurement of negative as well positive pressures. We describe derangement postural intraventricular regulation caused by placement shunt, influence various shunt systems antisiphon device on this problem. Ventriculoatrial, ventriculoperitoneal, ventriculopleural...

In the United States, urban population growth, improved living standards, limited development of new water supplies, and dwindling current supplies are causing demand for treated municipal to exceed supply. Although used irrigate residential landscape will vary according factors such as type, management practices, region, irrigation can from 40% 70% household use water. So, efficient in landscapes must be primary focus conservation. addition, plants a typical often given more than is...

Abstract Using a chronically implanted telemetric pressure sensor, we have determined the quantitative relationship between changes in body position and ventricular fluid normal subjects with shunts. The method allows accurate, reliable measurement of negative as well positive pressures. We describe derangement postural intraventricular regulation caused by placement shunt, influence various shunt systems antisiphon device on this problem. Ventriculoatrial, ventriculoperitoneal,...

Small doses of endotoxin evoked a dramatic biphasic response opioid peptide secretion into blood in sheep. The first phase began within minutes and coincided with brief hypertensive to well before the appearance fever or hypotension. ratio β-endorphin β-lipotropin fell abruptly at onset second release, suggesting early depletion pool rich subsequent emergence unprocessed precursor. concentration cerebrospinal fluid opioids increased tenfold during phase. Naloxone administration augmented...

Distinguishing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) from embryonal (ERMS) has historically been of prognostic and therapeutic importance. However, classification complicated by shifting histologic criteria required for an ARMS diagnosis. Children's Oncology Group (COG) studies after IRS-IV, which included the height this diagnostic shift, showed both increased number increase in proportion fusion-negative ARMS. Following standardization re-review cases enrolled during era, analysis low-risk...

Therapeutic radiation in childhood cancer has decreased over time with a concomitant increase chemotherapy. Limited data exist on chemotherapy-associated subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN) risk.SMNs occurring > 5 years from diagnosis, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers, were evaluated survivors diagnosed when they < 21 old, 1970 to 1999 the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age at 7.0 years; median last follow-up, 31.8 years). Thirty-year SMN cumulative incidence and standardized...

AbstractSkeletal muscle development is controlled by the myocyte enhancer factor (MEF2) and myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) families of transcription factors, which associate synergistically activate gene expression. Muscle differentiation further reinforced positive-feedback loops in bHLH proteins their own expression MEF2, while MEF2 stimulates genes Mef2c gene. Here we describe a negative-feedback loop that consists transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9). We show...

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display remarkable phenotypic diversity and plasticity can readily switch between proliferative differentiated states in response to extracellular cues. In an effort identify novel transcriptional regulators of smooth phenotypes, we compared the gene expression profiles arterial venous SMCs by microarray-based profiling. Among numerous genes displaying distinct patterns these two SMC types, discovered expressed sequence tag encoding a previously uncharacterized...

There is an increasing trend to use greywater for irrigation in households. This partly due the notion that of better quality than wastewater and therefore does not need extensive treatment beyond addressing public health issues. The aim study was evaluate environmental impact risks associated with on a small private farm. Over three-year period, each three plots farm irrigated either freshwater, fertilized water, or greywater. Irrigation water soil from were analyzed wide range chemical...

Melatonin was measured in plasma of seven women volunteers before and after serial acute submaximal exercise tests performed during the course a two-month, progressive endurance training program. Plasma melatonin increased all sessions declined towards baseline values when re-measured thirty minutes completion each exercise. This finding indicates that vigorous physical activity elicits transient increases both sedentary trained women.

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a deadly ileocecal-based disease seen in patients with recent history of chemotherapy. As histology not included the current diagnostic criteria, pathologic features NE are poorly understood. We undertook multi-institutional study NE, and report helpful clinical clues, such as immunosuppression (n=20/20), chemotherapy (n=17/18), neutropenia (n=16/18) gastrointestinal symptoms (n=19/19), abnormal imaging studies cecum/right colon (n=11/14), positive...

Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant tumor of bone, kills through aggressive metastatic spread almost exclusively to the lung. Mechanisms driving this tropism for lung tissue remain unknown, though likely invoke specific interactions between cells and other within niche. Aberrant overexpression ΔNp63 in OS directly drives production IL-6 CXCL8. All these factors were expressed at higher levels metastases than matched primary tumors from same patients. Expression cell lines correlated strongly with...

Background Distinguishing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) from embryonal (ERMS) is of prognostic and therapeutic importance. Criteria for classifying these entities evolved significantly 1995 to 2013. ARMS associated with inferior outcome; therefore, patients histology have generally been excluded low‐risk therapy. However, stage group (Stage 1, Group I/II/orbit III; or Stage 2/3, I/II) were eligible the Children's Oncology (COG) (RMS) study D9602 1997 1999. The characteristics outcomes not...

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) plays essential roles in transcriptional control of muscle development. However, signaling pathways acting downstream MEF2 are largely unknown. Here, we performed a microarray analysis using Mef2c -null mouse embryos and identified novel MEF2-regulated gene encoding muscle-specific protein kinase, Srpk3, belonging to the serine arginine kinase (SRPK) family, which phosphorylates serine/arginine repeat-containing proteins. The Srpk3 is specifically expressed...

The calcium, calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, regulates growth and gene expression of striated muscles. activity calcineurin is modulated by a family cofactors, referred to as modulatory calcineurin-interacting proteins (MCIPs). In the heart, MCIP1 activated has been proposed fulfill negative feedback loop that restrains potentially pathological signaling, which would otherwise lead abnormal cardiac growth. high-throughput screen for small molecules capable regulating in muscle...

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) and blastemal-predominant Wilms (WT) share overlapping histologic features, yet accurate distinction is critical because of differing prognosis treatment. We encountered a neck mass in young adult with concomitant abdominal mass. The was initially concerning for DSRCT on the basis poorly differentiated morphology, desmoplastic stroma, immunoreactivity desmin cytokeratin. However, focal triphasic elements glomeruloid bodies were identified deeper...