A5034365682- Philosophy and History of Science
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Ethics in medical practice
- Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
- Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Evolution and Science Education
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences Research and Education
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Nanyang Technological University
2024-2025
New York University Press
2023-2024
University of Exeter
2023-2024
University of Edinburgh
2023-2024
University of Cambridge
2017-2024
Cambridge University Press
2023-2024
Carnegie Mellon University
2023-2024
Case Western Reserve University
2023-2024
University of California, San Diego
2009-2024
Leverhulme Trust
2024
We all want to make healthcare decisions based on trustworthy evidence.Yet the landmark 2009 Institute of Medicine report identified widespread financial conflicts interest across medical research, education, and practice.(1) It highlighted that extensive industry influence may be jeopardizing "the integrity scientific investigations, objectivity quality patient care, public's trust in medicine."(1) At same time there's increasing appreciation nations within clinical communities problem too...
Robustness is a common platitude: hypotheses are better supported with evidence generated by multiple techniques that rely on different background assumptions. has been put to numerous epistemic tasks, including the demarcation of artifacts from real entities, countering “experimenter's regress,” and resolving evidential discordance. Despite frequency appeals robustness, notion itself received scant critique. Arguments based robustness can give incorrect conclusions. More worrying although...
Debates about the genuine disease status of controversial diseases rely on intuitions a range factors. Adopting tools from experimental philosophy, this paper explores some factors that influence judgments whether low sexual desire should be considered and it medically treated. Drawing in part assumptions underpinning divide literature between viewing as seeing improperly medicalized, we investigate health are affected by such an individual’s gender, cause desire, is high or low, both...
To examine the relationship between nurse staffing levels and rate of nosocomial viral gastrointestinal infections (NVGIs) in a general pediatrics population.Retrospective descriptive study.A ward at The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 320-bed, tertiary-care pediatric institution.Forty-three NVGIs were detected 37 patients 2,929 admissions (1.3%). monthly NVGI correlated significantly with night patient-to-nurse ratio (r = 0.56) day 0.50). nursing hours per patient-day...
I defend a radical interpretation of biological populations—what call population pluralism—which holds that there are many ways particular grouping individuals can be related such the satisfies conditions necessary for those to evolve together. More constraining accounts populations face empirical counter-examples and conceptual difficulties. One most intuitive frequently employed conditions, causal connectivity—itself beset with numerous difficulties—is best construed by considering...
Robustness arguments hold that hypotheses are more likely to be true when they confirmed by diverse kinds of evidence. require the confirming evidence independent. We identify two independence appealed in robustness arguments: ontic (OI)—when multiple lines depend on different materials, assumptions, or theories—and probabilistic independence. Many assume OI is sufficient for a argument warranted. However, we argue that, as typically construed, not condition warranting arguments. show can...
Sensible Medicine-Balancing Intervention and Inaction During the COVID-19 PandemicMore than 38 million people worldwide have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, creating intense pressure on clinicians to offer state-of-the-art, life-saving treatment patients. 1 The conundrum is that few effective treatments are available, among those tested in clinical trials, even fewer demonstrated benefit compared no treatment.Treating patients disease 2019...
Journal Article Theory Choice and Social Choice: Okasha versus Sen Get access Jacob Stegenga University of Utah jacob.stegenga@utah.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume 124, Issue 493, January 2015, Pages 263–277, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzu180 Published: 04 February 2015
Data from medical research are typically summarized with various types of outcome measures. We present three arguments in favor absolute over relative The first argument is cognitive bias: measures promote the reference class fallacy and overestimation treatment effectiveness. second decision-theoretic: superior to for making a decision between interventions. third causal: interpreted as causal strength, satisfy set desirable properties, but do not. Absolute outperform on all counts.
Harms of medical interventions are systematically underestimated in clinical research. Numerous factors—conceptual, methodological, and social—contribute to this underestimation. I articulate the depth such underestimation by describing these factors at various stages Before any evidence is gathered, ways harms operationalized research contributes their Medical first tested phase 1 “first human” trials, but from trials rarely published, despite fact that provide foundation for assessing harm...
A stereotype is a belief or claim that group of people has particular feature. Stereotypes are expressed by sentences have the form generic statements, like “Canadians nice.” Recent work on generics lends new life to understanding as statements involving probabilities. I argue (and thus expressing stereotypes) can take one several forms conditional probabilities, and these probabilities what call naturalness requirement. This natural probability theory stereotypes. Each two components...