A5025282303- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Color perception and design
- Hearing Impairment and Communication
- Art Education and Development
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Multisensory perception and integration
- Social Representations and Identity
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Early Childhood Education and Development
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Design Education and Practice
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees
- Categorization, perception, and language
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Education Methods and Practices
St. Francis Xavier University
2013-2025
Dalhousie University
2020
University of Southern California
2013
University of Mary Washington
2013
Coastal Carolina University
2013
Conway School of Landscape Design
2013
University of California, Irvine
2013
Xavier University
1998
Yale University
1984
The influence of culture on cognitive development is well established for school age and older children. But almost nothing known about how different parenting socialization practices in cultures affect infants' young children's earliest emerging social-cognitive skills. In the current monograph, we report a series eight studies which systematically assessed skills 1- to 3-year-old children three diverse cultural settings. One group was from Western, middle-class setting rural Canada other...
Several cognitive accounts of human communication argue for a language-independent, prelinguistic basis and language. The current study provides evidence the universality gestural communication. We used standardized, semi-natural elicitation procedure in seven very different cultures around world to test existence preverbal pointing infants their caregivers. Results were that by 10-14 months age, caregivers pointed all same basic situation with similar frequencies proto-typical morphology...
Over the past 20 years, developmental psychologists have shown considerable interest in onset of a theory mind, typically marked by children's ability to pass false-belief tasks. In Western cultures, children such tasks around age 5 with variations producing small changes at which they are passed. Knowing whether this transition is common across diverse cultures important understanding what causes development. Cross-cultural studies produced mixed findings, possibly because varying methods...
Western children first show signs of mirror self-recognition (MSR) from 18 to 24 months age, the benchmark index emerging self-concept. Such include self-oriented behaviors while looking at touch or remove a mark surreptitiously placed on child’s face. The authors attempted replicate this finding across cultures using simplified version classic “mark test.” In Experiment 1, Kenyan ( N = 82, 72 old) display pronounced absence spontaneous toward mark. 2, tested in Fiji, Saint Lucia, Grenada,...
Young children's ability to understand and produce graphic symbols within an environment of social communication was investigated in two experiments. Children aged 2, 3, 4 years produced simple objects on their own, used them a communicative game, responded experimenter's symbols. In Experiment 1 ( N = 48), 2‐year‐olds did not effectively or use the choice task, whereas 3‐ 4‐year‐olds improved drawings following game performed above chance with Ability effective symbol correlated success...
Third-party punishment of unfairness shows striking cross-societal variation in adults, yet we know little about where and when development this starts to emerge. When do children across societies begin pay a cost prevent unfair sharing? We present an experimental study third-party sharing N = 535 aged 5–15 from communities six diverse countries: Canada, India, Peru, Uganda, USA, Vanuatu. tested whether were more likely punish equal or selfish (maximally unequal) distributions between two...
The impact of social scaffolding on the emergence graphic symbol functioning was explored in a longitudinal training study. Links among graphic, language, and play domains symbolic development were also investigated. 16 children, who 28 months at outset study, assessed comprehension production tasks across three monthly intervals from to 36 months, again 42 months. Training delivered between assessments during weekly visits. Half children received training, which consisted experimenter...
Human cooperation involves a complex web of interconnected behaviors that develop across the lifespan in conjunction with cultural environment. While we have learned much recent decades about early origins these Western societies, still know relatively little about: (1) how cooperative vary cultures, (2) normative environment shapes development different behaviors, and (3) extent to which key relate one another. In this investigation, examined suite four — those related fairness,...
Three- to 5-year-old children's knowledge that pictures have a representational function for others was investigated using pictorial false-belief task. In Study 1, children passed the task at around 4 years old, and performance correlated with standard symbol tasks. 2, of from two cultural settings who had very little exposure during first 3 (Peru, India) contrasted Canada. Performance better in Canadian than Peruvian Indian samples on picture drawing tasks but not measure. all settings,...
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General on Aug 10 2023 (see record 2023-96713-001). In the original article, there were affiliation errors first and 14th authors. The affiliations Dorsa Amir are Department Psychology, University California, Berkeley; Boston College. Katherine McAuliffe is All versions have been corrected.] Inequity aversion an important factor fairness behavior. Previous work suggests that children...
Social precursors to symbolic understanding of pictures were examined with 100 infants ages 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months. Adults demonstrated 1 2 stances toward objects (contemplative or manipulative), then gave items for exploration. For pictures, older (12, months) emulated the adult's actions following both types demonstration trials. objects, did not emulate either stance at any age. The findings suggest that enlist their imitative learning skills in context conventions action on...
Preschool aged children (3 and 5 years) were asked to judge the emotion expressed in museum art under two situations; one where they observed an adult conspicuously make judgments of portrayed paintings a second not exposed judgments. In experimental condition, presented with five (four portraying target alternate emotion) watched as chose three that four emotions (happy, sad, excited or calm). Children pick fourth from remaining pair paintings. control choose painting without watching...
Children's sensitivity to the emotions portrayed in museum art was explored two studies. In Study 1, children between ages of 5 and 11 years adults matched postcards works photographs an actress portraying one four (happy, sad, excited calm). There increase over age consistency children's judgments artist norms. At all level with norms well above chance. 2 participants chose from entire set 16 ones that were ‘best’ ‘second best’ examples each emotions, told why they made those choices. age,...
In three studies we investigated the question of whether children consider attributes artist (sentience, age level, affective style, emotion) when making judgments about traces (drawings) made by that artist. Study 1, 2–5‐year‐old were asked to find pictures drawn a machine, an adult, older and younger child. Results indicated than 4 years do not artists' judgments, but 4‐ 5‐year‐olds do. Furthermore, whereas oldest adept at both machine‐person (sentience) person‐person (age) contrasts,...