A growing trend in the automation industry is to use wireless technologies reduce cable cost, deployment time, unlocking of stranded information previously deployed devices, and enabling control applications. Despite a huge research effort area sensor networks (WSNs), there are several issues that have not been addressed properly such WSNs can be adopted process domain. This article presents major requirements for typical applications we also aim outline direction industrial (IWSNs)...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly becoming an integral component the industrial market in areas such as automation and analytics, giving rise to what termed Industrial IoT (IIoT). IIoT promises innovative business models various domains by providing ubiquitous connectivity, efficient data analytics tools, better decision support systems for a competitiveness. However, deployments are vulnerable variety security threats at levels connectivity communications infrastructure. complex...

Recent developments in wireless sensor networks have inspired applications which require high accuracy localization. Impulse radio ultra wide-band technology has a fine time resolution, allowing accurate determination of the arrival at receiver, making it serious contender for ranging, comparison to narrow-band technologies. In this paper, we present UWB based 3D real-time indoor positioning system with 802.15.4a compliant nodes. Results from measurement campaigns reveal that line-of-sight...

Wireless sensor networks are typically designed for condition monitoring applications and to conserve energy but not time-critical with strict real-time constraints that can be found in the industrial automation avionics domain. In this paper, we propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol defined as wireless arbitration (WirArb) which grants each user channel based on their different priority levels. The proposed MAC supports multiple users is pre-assigned specific frequency...

Wireless sensors and networks are used only occasionally in current control loops the process industry. With rapid developments embedded highperformance computing, wireless communication, cloud technology, drastic changes architecture operation of industrial automation systems seem more likely than ever. These driven by ever-growing demands on production quality flexibility. However, as discussed "Summary," there several research obstacles to overcome. The radio communication environment...

Wireless communication has gained more interest in industrial automation due to flexibility, mobility, and cost reduction. systems, general, require additional different engineering maintenance tasks, for example cryptographic key management. This is an important aspect that needs be addressed before wireless systems can deployed maintained efficiently the industry. In this paper, we take holistic approach addresses safety security regardless of underlying media. our proposed framework...

With the growing interest in adoption of wireless technologies industrial automation and continuous search for new revenue streams players are entering arena order to make their business grow further. One emerging aiming support applications is 5G, targeting anything from extreme throughput (> 10 Gbit/s) low latency (≤ 1 ms) ultra high reliability (≥ 99.999%). In this article we intend discuss potential challenges adopting 5G real environments give a more balanced picture compared previous...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is captivating the society because its potential to rapidly transform businesses and people's lives. It widely believed that IoT will also industrial automation business in terms improved productivity, less cost, flexibility, increased revenues. Hence, there are some challenges needs be addressed when introduced domain. This paper aims present realistic requirements highlights identified such as security, interoperability, deterministic low latency communication,...

In this paper we show that it is possible to attack and gain control over PROFINET IO nodes also can be done without any of the communicating peers detecting attack. Analysis attacks in both shared packet switched networks attacker process data thus state machines connected I/O modules. As security risks are increasing automation with level vertical horizontal integration, concept modules proposed towards a method retrofit IO. The applied changing anything underlying transmission system...

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have been increasingly adopted in process automation due to a number of advantages such as cost reduction and enhanced flexibility. Nevertheless, transmission over wireless channels industrial environments is prone interference, resulting frequent erroneous packet deliveries. Existing IWSN standards based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification only prescribe Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) for retransmission, without providing any means error recovery,...

Industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (IWSANs) offer significant advantages to industrial automation. However, high-reliability demands hard communication deadlines pose challenges its practical applications. To achieve this goal, flooding is considered as a promising approach due multipath diversity simplicity. In paper, an enhanced version of REALFLOW, flooding-based routing protocol for IWSANs presented. Compared the original network management stability are improved. REALFLOW...

The major advantages with Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) in process automation are cable cost reduction, enhanced flexibility and enabling new emerging applications such as wireless control. However, transmission over the channel is prone to noise interference which causes packets be erroneous received at receiver node. To improve link reliability lossy channels, error correcting codes commonly used. In this paper we discuss use of forward correction (FEC) IWSN order not only...

Contrary to the various theoretic publications on safety-critical communication over wireless, this paper will show actual performance of in a real plant with all its environmental influences. We used PROFIsafe as functional safety profile top WirelessHART protocol. Separately these technologies are widely industry for and wireless respectively, but it has never been shown that combination them is feasible communication. The main focus work measure analyze round-trip time bit error rate...

Wireless technologies have been increasingly applied in industrial automation systems due to flexible installation, mobility, and cost reduction. Unlike traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs), (IWSNs), when expanding from monitoring control, more stringent requirements on reliability, real-time performance, robustness a number of applications. Successive transmission failures or deadline misses these applications may severely degrade the control quality result serious economic losses...

Providing network reliability as well low and predictable latency is important especially for Industrial Automation Control Networks. However, diagnosing link status from the control plane has high overhead. In addition, communication with industrial controller may impose additional latency. We present FastReact - a system enabling In-Network monitoring, caching outsources simple monitoring actions to evolving programmable data planes using P4 language. As instructed by Controller through...

In this paper we describe a method to integrate WirelessHART networks in Distributed Control Systems (DCS) using PROFINET IO. By modeling the network Generic Station Description file, that describes IO device, related configuration can be distributed from central engineering stations. way, both process controller and is engineered maintained location. Thus end-user does not need any additional tool-specific training, as existing tools are used engineer networks. We base of integration on...

Wireless sensor and actuator networks bring many benefits to industrial automation systems. However, unreliable wireless multihop communications among sensors actuators cause challenges in designing such HART is the first standard for real-time applications. current does not provide services efficient usage of actuators, which are an essential part automation. In this paper we focus on propose a periodic deterministic downlink transmission functionality enables control Furthermore, define...

In this work we propose an Adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) algorithm for best effort Wireless Sensor Networks. The switching model is described in terms of a finite-state Markov and it based on the channel behavior, observed via Packet Delivery Ratio recent past. We compare performance AFEC with static FEC, as well uncoded transmissions. results demonstrate gain PDR achieved by introducing FEC coding IEEE 802.15.4 transmissions, advantages over schemes, namely increased throughput...

High reliability and real-time performance are main research challenges in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). Existing routing protocols applied IWSNs either overcomplicated or fail to fulfill the stringent requirements. In this paper, we propose a reliable flexible Received Signal Strength-based scheme. Our proposed solution can achieve seamless transition event of topology change be different industrial environments. The simulation results show that our outperforms conventional...

Nowadays, industrial networks are often used for safety-critical applications with real-time requirements. Such usually have a time-triggered nature message scheduling as core property. Scheduling requires nodes to share the same notion of time, that is, be synchronized. Therefore, clock synchronization is fundamental asset in networks. However, since typical standards synchronization, example, IEEE 1588, do not provide required level security, it raises question protection. In this paper,...

Industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks are gaining momentum have started to target new more demanding application scenarios extending pure monitoring scenarios. In this paper we discuss the needs for simple accurate TDMA timing synchronization enable future applications. We present a novel protocol which is implement, as well performance evaluation using of-the-shelf hardware indicating measured worst case errors less than 10 microseconds at five hops from master. The shows that it...

There are many initiatives and technologies working towards implementing factories of the future. One consensus is that classical hierarchical automation system design needs to be flattened while supporting functionality both Operation Technology (OT) Information (IT) within same network infrastructure. To achieve goal IT/OT convergence in process automation, an evolutionary transition preferred. Challenges foreseen during transition, mainly caused by traditional architecture, main challenge...

Two major trends can be recognized in industrial automation. One of them is that Ethernet replacing traditional fieldbus networks continuously, because it combines flexibility, reliability, and introduces fast data rates, which allow beside others quality services. This pushed even further when field devices use wireless communication to connect the control system. Beside another trend seen functional safety due rising customer demands evolving regulations industry. That leads necessarily a...