A5034481835- Climate variability and models
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
- Online Learning and Analytics
- Coastal and Marine Management
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Rochester Institute of Technology
2019-2025
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2022
University of Colorado Boulder
2016-2019
Pennsylvania State University
2017-2018
University of Colorado System
2015-2017
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
2016-2017
Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel
2015
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
1995-2000
Wellcome Trust
1999-2000
Duke University
1998
Abstract The social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) measures the monetized value damages to society caused by an incremental metric tonne CO emissions and is a key informing climate policy. Used governments other decision-makers in benefit–cost analysis for over decade, SC-CO estimates draw on science, economics, demography disciplines. However, 2017 report US National Academies Sciences, Engineering, Medicine 1 (NASEM) highlighted that current no longer reflect latest research. provided...
Long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapse involves interacting signaling components, including calcium (Ca 2+ )/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways. Postsynaptic injection of thiophosphorylated inhibitor-1 protein, a specific inhibitor phosphatase–1 (PP1), substituted for cAMP pathway activation in LTP. Stimulation that induced LTP triggered cAMP-dependent phosphorylation endogenous decrease PP1...
Abstract Because of the pervasive role water in Earth system, relative abundances stable isotopologues are valuable for understanding atmospheric, oceanic, and biospheric processes, interpreting paleoclimate proxy reconstructions. Isotopologues transported by both large‐scale turbulent flows, ratio heavy to light changes due fractionation that can accompany condensation evaporation processes. Correctly predicting isotopic distributions requires resolving relationships between ocean...
Abstract Water isotope‐enabled climate and earth system models are able to directly simulate paleoclimate proxy records aid in reconstruction. A less used major advantage is that water isotopologues provide an independent constraint on many atmospheric hydrologic processes, allowing the model be developed tuned a more physically accurate way. This paper describes new CAM5 model, including its isotopic physics routines, ability modern distribution of vapor precipitation. It found has negative...
Abstract Studying the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in past can help us better understand its dynamics and improve future projections. However, both paleoclimate reconstructions model simulations of ENSO strength at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka B.P.) have led to contradicting results. Here we perform using recently developed water isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM). For first time, model‐simulated oxygen isotopes are directly compared with those from individual...
Future sea-level rise poses nontrivial risks for many coastal communities. Managing these often relies on consensus projections like those provided by the IPCC. Yet, there is a growing awareness that surrounding uncertainties may be much larger than typically perceived. Recently published appear widely divergent and highly sensitive to non-trivial model choices West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) less stable previously believed, enabling rapid disintegration. In response, some agencies have...
Abstract All physical process models and field observations are inherently imperfect, so there is a need to both (1) obtain measurements capable of constraining quantities interest (2) develop frameworks for assessment in which the desired processes their uncertainties may be characterized. Incorporation stable water isotopes into land surface schemes offers complimentary approach constrain hydrological such as evapotranspiration, yields acute insight biogeochemical behaviors domain. Here...
Abstract The transpiration (T) fraction of total terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET), T/ET, can vary across ecosystems between 20–95% with a global average ∼60%. wide range may either reflect true heterogeneity and/or uncertainties in the techniques used to derive this property. Here we compared independent approaches estimate T/ET at two needleleaf forested sites factor 3 difference leaf area index (LAI). first method utilized water vapor isotope profiles and second derived through its...
Future sea-level rise drives severe risks for many coastal communities. Strategies to manage these hinge on a sound characterization of the uncertainties. For example, recent studies suggest that large fractions Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) may rapidly disintegrate in response rising global temperatures, leading potentially several meters during next few centuries. It is deeply uncertain, whether such an AIS disintegration will be triggered, how much this would increase rise, extreme storm...
Abstract Simulation models of multi‐sector systems are increasingly used to understand societal resilience climate and economic shocks change. However, also subject numerous uncertainties that prevent the direct application simulation for prediction planning, particularly when extrapolating past behavior a nonstationary future. Recent studies have developed combination methods characterize, attribute, quantify these both single‐ systems. Here, we review challenges complications idealized...
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent II (CaMKII) are required for numerous forms neuronal plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP). We induced LTP in rat hippocampal area CA1 using theta-pulse stimulation (TPS) paired with β-adrenergic receptor activation [isoproterenol (ISO)], a protocol that may be particularly relevant to normal patterns activity during learning. This resulted transient phosphorylation p42 MAPK, the...
Abstract Speleothem records from the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) region display variability in ratio of 18 O and 16 (δ O) calcium carbonate at orbital frequencies. The dominant mode many these reflects cycles precession. There are several potential explanations for why SASM speleothem show a strong precession signal, including changes temperature, precipitation, circulation. Here we use an Earth system model with water isotope tracers water‐tagging capability to deconstruct signal...
The increasing demand for a robust science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce highlights the need to understand factors that enhance student success in STEM fields. Despite significant STEM-qualified individuals, less than half of students initially expressing interest upon college entry graduate with degree, dropping lower underrepresented students. Learning Assistant (LA) program, implemented at colleges around world, involves (LAs) aiding their peers through...
Climate change exacerbates natural hazards and their drivers, including global warming, sea-level rise, increased coastal flooding. These necessitate strategies to manage flood risk through mitigation of future warming adaptation projected change. Coastal models provide a framework link greenhouse gas emissions socioeconomic impacts. A key question is how levels relate needs economic Here, we use an integrated modeling generate estimates costs at multiple thresholds. We find substantial...
Long-term potentiation (LTP) can be induced in the Schaffer collateral→CA1 synapse of hippocampus by stimulation θ frequency range (5–12 Hz), an effect that depends on activation cAMP pathway. We investigated mechanisms contribution to this form LTP rat hippocampal slice preparation. pulse (TPS; 150 stimuli at 10 Hz) itself did not induce LTP, but addition either β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or analog 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) enabled TPS-induced LTP. The was blocked postsynaptic...
The response of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) to changing climate forcings is an important driver sea-level changes. Anthropogenic change may drive a sizeable AIS tipping point with subsequent increases in coastal flooding risks. Many studies analyzing flood risks use simple models project future responses and its contributions. These analyses have provided new insights, but they are often silent on effects potentially processes such as Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI) or Cliff (MICI)....
Abstract. Simple models can play pivotal roles in the quantification and framing of uncertainties surrounding climate change sea-level rise. They are computationally efficient, transparent, easy to reproduce. These qualities also make simple useful for characterization risk. model codes increasingly distributed as open source, well actively shared guided. Alas, computer used geosciences often be hard access, run, modify (e.g., with regards assumptions components), review. Here, we describe...
Abstract Reduced complexity climate models are useful tools for quantifying decision‐relevant uncertainties, given their flexibility, computational efficiency, and suitability large‐ensemble frameworks necessary statistical estimation using resampling techniques (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo). Here we document a new version of the simple, open‐source, global model Hector, coupled with 1‐D diffusive heat energy balance (Diffusion Ocean Energy CLIMate model) sea level change module (Building...
Coastal flooding drives considerable risks to many communities, but projections of future flood are deeply uncertain. The paucity observations extreme events often motivates the use statistical approaches model distribution storm surge events. A key deep uncertainty that is overlooked structural uncertainty. There currently no strong consensus among experts regarding which class as a best practice. Robust management coastal requires managers consider distinct possibility non-stationarity in...
Abstract The long-term temperature response to a given change in CO 2 forcing, or Earth-system sensitivity (ESS), is key parameter quantifying our understanding about the relationship between changes Earth’s radiative forcing and resulting response. Current ESS estimates are subject sizable uncertainties. Long-term carbon cycle models can provide useful avenue constrain ESS, but previous efforts either use rather informal statistical approaches focus on discrete paleoevents. Here, we improve...
Graduation rates are a key measure of the long-term efficacy academic interventions. However, challenges to using traditional estimates graduation for underrepresented students include inherently small sample sizes and high data requirements. Here, we show that Markov model increases confidence reduces biases in estimated minority first-generation students. We use Learning Assistant program demonstrate model’s strength assessing efficacy. find Assistants gateway science courses associated...