A5063969612- Health disparities and outcomes
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Noise Effects and Management
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
University of Portland
2017-2025
Portland State University
2014-2024
Oregon Health & Science University
2017-2023
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
2021
Denver School of Nursing
2021
Triangle
2021
Institute of Public Affairs
2021
University of North Dakota
2020
Messer (Germany)
2017
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2002-2016
Disparities in preterm birth by race and ethnic group have been demonstrated the United States. Recent research has focused on impact of neighborhood context racial disparities pregnancy outcomes. The authors utilized vital-record certificate data US Census from eight geographic areas four states (Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania) to examine relation between deprivation among non-Hispanic White Black women. years covered varied site ranged 1995 2001. Results were adjusted for...
Confounding associated with social stratification or other selection processes has been called structural confounding. In the presence of confounding, certain covariate strata will contain only subjects who could never be exposed, a violation positivity experimental treatment effect assumption. Thus, confounding can prohibit exchangeability necessary for meaningful causal contrasts across levels exposure. The authors explored and magnitude by estimating independent effects neighborhood...
Reported last menstrual period (LMP) is commonly used to estimate gestational age (GA) but may be unreliable. Ultrasound in the first trimester generally considered a highly accurate method of pregnancy dating. The authors compared report LMP and ultrasound for estimating GA at birth examined whether disagreement between estimates varied by maternal infant characteristics. Analyses included 1867 singleton livebirths women enrolled prospective cohort. computed difference (GA difference)...
The combined epidemics of substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS, known as the SAVA syndemic, contribute to disproportionate burden disease among people color in US. To examine association between HIV viral load suppression syndemic variables, we used baseline data from 563 HIV+ women treated at nine medical ancillary care sites participating HRSA's Special Project National Significance Women Color (WOC) Initiative. Just under half (n=260) were virally suppressed. Five psychosocial factors...
Background Leaders are struggling to care for the estimated 143,000,000 orphans and millions more abandoned children worldwide. Global policy makers advocating that institution-living (OAC) be moved as quickly possible a residential family setting institutional used last resort. This analysis tests hypothesis OAC aged 6–12 is associated with worse health wellbeing than community using conservative two-tail tests. Methodology The Positive Outcomes Orphans (POFO) study employed two-stage...
A more comprehensive estimate of environmental quality would improve our understanding the relationship between conditions and human health. An index (EQI) for all counties in U.S. was developed. The EQI developed four parts: domain identification; data source acquisition; variable construction; reduction. Five domains (air, water, land, built sociodemographic) were recognized. Within each domain, sources identified; temporally (years 2000–2005) geographically (county) restricted. Variables...
Neighborhoods and Health: Ichiro Kawachi Lisa F. Berkman. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. ISBN: 0195138384. Price: $58.95; 368 pp. For epidemiologists, “place” was once a central concern. In his essay “On Airs, Waters Places,” Hippocrates advised that “when one comes into city to which he is stranger, should consider its situation...and the mode in inhabitants live, what are their pursuits.” Brian MacMahon saw fit situate this quotation at beginning of pioneering 1960 textbook...
Summary Vinikoor LC, Messer Laraia BA, Kaufman JS. Reliability of variables on the North Carolina birth certificate: a comparison with directly queried values from cohort study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010; 24: 102–112. Birth records are an important source data for examining population‐level outcomes, but questions about reliability these vital exist. We sought to assess certificate by comparing them large prospective cohort. Pregnancy, Infection, Nutrition study participants...
We compared the association between advancing maternal age and risk of preterm delivery across 4 groups (Black smokers, Black nonsmokers, White nonsmokers) within context neighborhood deprivation levels.We obtained data from linked census birth records for singletons (n = 182 938) delivered by women aged 20 to 39 years in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; 16 Michigan cities; 3 Maryland counties; 2 North Carolina counties. Results area-specific multilevel logistic regression...
Women of color (WOC) are at increased risk dying from HIV/AIDS, a disparity that may be partially explained by the care barriers they face. Based in health model and socio-ecological framework, objective this study was to identify facilitators HIV three points along continuum: testing, entry/early care, engagement. Two focus groups (n=11 women) 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with HIV-positive WOC an academic medical setting North Carolina. Content analyzed interpreted. We found...
Racial residential segregation has been associated with preterm birth. Few studies have examined mediating pathways, in part because, binary outcomes, indirect effects estimated from multiplicative models generally lack causal interpretation. We develop a method to estimate additive-scale natural direct and logistic regression. then evaluate whether operates through poor-quality built environment affect birth.To effects, we derive risk differences regression coefficients. Birth records...
Background: Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been variably associated with preterm birth (PTB).Objective: We classified PTB into four categories (20–27, 28–31, 32–34, and 35–36 weeks completed gestation) estimated risk differences (RDs) for each category association a 1-μg/m3 increase PM2.5 exposure during week of gestation.Methods: assembled cohort singleton pregnancies that ≥ 20 gestation 2000–2005 using live certificate data from three states (Pennsylvania,...
Background With more than 2 million children living in group homes, or "institutions", worldwide, the extent to which institution-based caregiving negatively affects development and wellbeing is a central question for international policymakers. Methods A two-stage random sampling methodology identified community representative samples of 1,357 institution-dwelling orphaned separated (OSC) 1,480 family-dwelling OSC aged 6–12 from 5 low middle income countries. Data were collected their...
Physical inactivity is a primary contributor to the obesity epidemic, but may be promoted or hindered by environmental factors. To examine how cumulative quality modify inactivity-obesity relationship, we conducted cross-sectional study linking county-level Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data with Environmental Quality Index (EQI), composite measure of five domains (air, water, land, built, sociodemographic) across all U.S. counties. We estimated association (N = 3,137 counties)...
Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with poor maternal and child health outcomes, yet conceptualization of potential mechanisms is still needed. Census data long served as proxies for area level socioeconomic influences. Unique information captured by neighborhood inventories, mostly conducted in northern US Canadian urban areas, has shown important aspects the community environment that are not demographic aggregated individual statistics census data. In this paper, we...
Summary Residential context has received increased attention as a possible contributing factor to race/ethnic and socio‐economic disparities in birth outcomes the United States. Utilising vital statistics record data, this study examined association between neighbourhood deprivation risk of term small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) among non‐Hispanic whites blacks eight geographical areas. An SGA was defined newborn weighing <10th percentile sex‐ parity‐specific birthweight distribution for...