The overconsumption of calorically dense, highly palatable foods is thought to be a major contributor the worldwide obesity epidemic; however, precise neural circuits that directly regulate hedonic feeding remain elusive. Here, we show lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) glutamatergic neurons, and their projections habenula (LHb), negatively consumption food. Genetic ablation LHA neurons increased daily caloric intake produced weight gain in mice had access high-fat diet, while not altering...

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in women, with a 5-year survival rate 17-28% advanced stage (FIGO IIB-IV) disease and often diagnosed at stage. Machine learning (ML) has potential to provide better prognosis than traditional tools, shed further light on predictive factors. This study focuses ovarian contrasts expert-derived factors data-driven ones from Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) predict progression-free survival. Methods: A Delphi questionnaire was...

Decision making relies on adequately evaluating the consequences of actions basis past experience and current physiological state. A key role in this process is played by basal ganglia, where neural activity plasticity are modulated dopaminergic input from midbrain. Internal factors, such as hunger, scale signals encoded neurons thus they alter motivation for taking learning. However, to our knowledge, no formal mathematical formulation exists how a state affects learning action selection...

Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation animal studies. A corresponding effect humans would important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used Parkinson's disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward make us more ready to respond, as indexed reaction times (RT), move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may controlled preparatory processes...

Abstract Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely regarded as divisible into two distinct computational strategies. Model-free a simple RL process in which value associated with actions, whereas model-based relies on the formation of internal models environment to maximise reward. Recently, theoretical and animal work has suggested that such might be used train model-free behaviour, reducing burden costly forward planning. Here we devised way probe this possibility human behaviour. We adapted...

Human decisions can be reflexive or planned, being governed respectively by model-free and model-based learning systems. These two systems might differ in their responsiveness to our needs. Hunger drives us specifically seek food rewards, but here we ask whether it have more general effects on these decision On one hand, the system is often considered flexible context-sensitive, therefore modulated metabolic other system's primitive reinforcement mechanisms may closer ties biological drives....

Abstract Introduction We assess risks differently when they are explicitly described, compared to we learn directly from experience, suggesting dissociable decision‐making systems. Our needs, such as hunger, could globally affect our risk preferences, but do described and learned equally? On one hand, descriptions is often considered flexible context sensitive, might therefore be modulated by metabolic needs. the other preferences through reinforcement more strongly coupled biological...

Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation animal studies. A corresponding effect humans would important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used Parkinson’s disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward make us more ready to respond, as indexed reaction times (RT), move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may controlled preparatory processes...

Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation animal studies. A corresponding effect humans would important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used Parkinson’s disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward make us more ready to respond, as indexed reaction times (RT), move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may controlled preparatory processes...

The cerebral cortex extends axonal projections to several subcortical brain regions, including the striatum, thalamus, superior colliculus, and pontine nuclei. Experimental tract-tracing studies have shown that these are topographically organized, reflecting spatial organization of sensory surfaces body parts. Several public collections mouse- rat- data available, with Allen mouse connectivity atlas being most prominent. There, a large image can be inspected, but it is difficult combine from...

Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation animal studies. A corresponding effect humans would important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used Parkinson’s disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward make us more ready to respond, as indexed reaction times (RT), move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may controlled preparatory processes...

Achterberg, E.J.M.; van Kerkhof, L.W.M.; Servadio, M.; Swieten, M.M.H.; Trezza, V.; Vanderschuren, L.J.M.J. Author Information

Abstract Human decisions can be reflexive or planned, being governed respectively by model-free and model-based learning systems. These two systems might differ in their responsiveness to our needs. Hunger drives us specifically seek food rewards, but here we ask whether it have more general effects on these decision On one hand, the system is often considered flexible context-sensitive, therefore modulated metabolic other system’s primitive reinforcement mechanisms may closer ties...

Abstract Decision making relies on adequately evaluating the consequences of actions basis past experience and current physiological state. A key role in this process is played by basal ganglia, where neural activity plasticity are modulated dopaminergic input from midbrain. Internal factors, such as hunger, scale signals encoded neurons thus they alter motivation for taking learning. However, to our knowledge, no formal mathematical formulation exists how a state affects learning action...

Abstract We assess risks differently when they are explicitly described, compared to we learn directly from experience, suggesting dissociable decision-making systems. Our needs, such as hunger, could globally affect our risk preferences, but do described and learned equally? On one hand, explicit is often considered flexible contextsensitive, might therefore be modulated by metabolic needs. the other implicit preferences through reinforcement more strongly coupled biological drives. To...

Abstract Motivation depends on dopamine, but might be modulated by acetylcholine which influences dopamine release in the striatum, and amplifies motivation animal studies. A corresponding effect humans would important clinically, since anticholinergic drugs are frequently used Parkinson’s disease, a condition that can also disrupt motivation. Reward make us more ready to respond, as indexed reaction times (RT), move faster, sometimes termed vigour. These effects may controlled preparatory...