Experience can alter synaptic connectivity throughout life, but the degree of plasticity present at each age is regulated by mechanisms that remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate Paired-immunoglobulin–like receptor B (PirB), a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) receptor, expressed in subsets neurons brain. Neuronal PirB protein associated with synapses and forms complexes phosphatases Shp-1 Shp-2. Soluble fusion binds to cortical an MHCI-dependent manner. In mutant mice...

The cerebral cortex is composed of neuronal types with diverse gene expression that are organized into specialized cortical areas. These areas, each characteristic cytoarchitecture1,2, connectivity3,4 and activity5,6, wired modular networks3,4,7. However, it remains unclear whether these spatial organizations reflected in transcriptomic signatures how such established development. Here we used BARseq, a high-throughput situ sequencing technique, to interrogate the 104 cell-type marker genes...

The subplate forms a transient circuit required for development of connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. When neurons are ablated, ocular dominance columns do not form in visual cortex despite robust presence thalamic axons layer 4. We show that ablation also prevents formation orientation columns. Visual responses weak poorly tuned to orientation. Furthermore, thalamocortical synaptic transmission fails strengthen, whereas intracortical synapses unaffected. Thus, circuits...

Patterned spontaneous activity in the developing retina is necessary to drive synaptic refinement lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Using perforated patch recordings from neurons LGN slices during period of eye segregation, we examine how such burst-based can instruct this refinement. Retinogeniculate synapses have a novel learning rule that depends on latencies between pre- and postsynaptic bursts order one second: coincident produce long-lasting enhancement, whereas non-overlapping mild...

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a second-order auditory structure that also receives nonauditory information, including somatosensory inputs from the column and spinal trigeminal nuclei. Here we investigate peripheral sources of to DCN. Electrical stimulation was applied cervical nerves C1-C8, branches C2, nerve, hindlimb nerves. largest evoked potentials in DCN were produced by C2 its innervate pinna. pattern inhibition excitation principal cells comparable with seen previous studies...

Patterned neuronal activity such as spindle bursts in the neonatal cortex is likely to promote maturation of cortical synapses and circuits. Previous work on cats has shown that removal subplate neurons, a transient population immature cortex, prevents functional thalamocortical intracortical connectivity. Here we studied effect rat primary somatosensory (S1). Using EEG show after selective neurons limb region S1, endogenous sensory evoked burst largely abolished. Consistent with reduced...

The thalamus receives input from 3 distinct cortical layers, but only 2 of these has been well characterized. We therefore investigated whether the third input, derived layer 6b, is more similar to projections 6a or 5. studied a restricted population deep 6 cells ("layer 6b cells") taking advantage transgenic mouse Tg(Drd1a-cre)FK164Gsat/Mmucd (Drd1a-Cre), that selectively expresses Cre-recombinase in subpopulation neurons across entire mantle. At P8, 18% are labeled with Drd1a-Cre::tdTomato...

The mammalian neocortex is a six-layered structure organized into radial columns. Within sensory cortical areas, information enters in the thalamorecipient layer and further processed supragranular infragranular layers. neocortex, topographic maps of stimulus features are present, but whether patterns active neurons change between laminae unknown. Here, we used vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging to probe organization mouse primary auditory cortex show that spatial neural response properties...

Significance Sensory experience, even at prenatal periods, can shape brain connectivity. Thus, the emergence of sensory responses is a key step in cortical development. are thought to emerge layer 4, which adult target thalamic projections. However, developing animals, fibers do not 4 but instead subplate neurons white matter. We show that respond sounds before activated by axons. Moreover, early local field potential (LFP) demonstrate nascent topographic organization. Together we find...

Sensory environments change over a wide dynamic range and sensory processing can rapidly to facilitate stable perception. While rapid changes may occur throughout the pathway, cortical are believed profoundly influence Prior stimulation studies showed that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) modify receptive fields coding in A1, but engagement of OFC during listening pathways mediating influences on A1 unknown. We show mice neurons respond sounds consistent with role audition. then vitro axons...

Quantifying the functional relations between nodes in a network based on local observations is key challenge studying complex systems. Most existing time series analysis techniques for this purpose provide static estimates of properties, pertain to stationary Gaussian data, or do not take into account ubiquitous sparsity underlying networks. When applied spike recordings from neuronal ensembles undergoing rapid task-dependent dynamics, they thus hinder precise statistical characterization...

Cortical processing of task-relevant information enables recognition behaviorally meaningful sensory events. It is unclear how task-related represented within cortical networks by the activity individual neurons and their functional interactions. Here, we use two-photon imaging to record neuronal from primary auditory cortex mice during a pure-tone discrimination task. We find that subset transiently encode used inform behavioral choice. Using Granger causality analysis, show these form in...

In the mammalian cortex, even simple sensory inputs or movements activate many neurons, with each neuron responding variably to repeated stimuli—a phenomenon known as trial-by-trial variability. Understanding spatial patterns and dynamics of this variability is challenging. Using cellular 2-photon imaging, we study visual auditory responses in primary cortices awake mice. We focus on how individual neurons' differed from overall population. find consistent correlations these differences that...

The functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex is shaped by experience during development, especially a critical period early in life. In prenatal and neonatal cortex, transient neuronal circuits are formed population subplate neurons (SPNs). However, SPNs absent adult cortex. While crucial for normal development thalamocortical synapses, little known about how they integrated developing circuit. We therefore investigated vitro slices A1 medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) mouse from...

Loss of a sensory modality leads to widespread changes in synaptic function across cortices, which are thought be the basis for cross-modal adaptation. Previous studies suggest that experience-dependent regulation spared cortices may mediated by cortical circuits. Here, we report loss vision, form dark exposure (DE) 1 week, produces laminar-specific excitatory and inhibitory circuits primary auditory cortex (A1) adult mice promote feedforward (FF) processing also strengthens intracortical...