Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are the major pathogens causing community- healthcare-associated infections, with an ability to acquire resistance multiple antimicrobials. The present study was conducted determine prevalence of virulence factors, drug its genetic determinants, clonal lineages clinical isolates in northern Japan. A total 480 (426 54 faecium) collected over a four-month period were analyzed. Three factors promoting bacterial colonization (asa1, efaA, ace) more prevalent...

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements are highly diverse and have been classified into 13 types. The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is an SCC-like harbouring deiminase pathway gene cluster (ACME-arc). ACME type I (ACME I), additionally including a spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (speG), considered to contributed the rapid spread of most successful MRSA clone, USA300.To characterize SCC composite islands (SCC-CIs) in ST5 positive for both ACME-arc...

Asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are potential source diseases, including food poisoning. Toxigenic and genetic traits colonizing S. were investigated for 563 healthy handlers in Myanmar. Carriage was found 110 individuals (19.5%), a total 144 isolates recovered from nasal cavities (110 isolates) hands (34 isolates). Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes (pvl) detected 18 (12.5%), among which 11 classified into coa-VIa, agr type III, ST1930 (CC96) that had been also...

The increasing trend of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is a global public health concern. In this study, prevalence molecular characteristics E. harboring ESBL carbapenemase genes were investigated for 426 isolates derived from various clinical specimens in teaching hospital Yangon, Myanmar, the 1-year period beginning January 2016. A total 157 (36.9%) producers harbored CTX-M-1 group (146 isolates; blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M55) or CTX-M-9...

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) were studied in Hokkaido, the main northern island Japan. Among 1,015 S. isolates derived from clinical specimens outpatients collected 2009, methicillin resistance gene mecA was detected 189 (18.6%). The most frequent staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type MRSA II (83.1%), followed by IV (6.9%) V (3.2%). with II-SCCmec showed multiple drug harbored various toxin...

As a first national surveillance of Acinetobacter in Cuba, total 500 spp. isolates recovered from 30 hospitals between 2010 and 2012 were studied. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex accounted for 96.4% all the isolates, while other species detected at low frequency (A. junii 1.6%, A. lwoffii 1%, haemolyticus 0.8%, soli 0.2%). Resistance rates 34-61% to third-generation cephalosporins, 49-50% β-lactams/inhibitor combinations, 42-47% aminoglycosides, 42-44% carbapenems 55% ciprofloxacin. However,...

Spread of Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases constitutes a growing challenge in control bacterial infections. In this study, prevalence genetic characteristics Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring ESBL and/or carbapenemase genes, with other beta-lactamase/resistance were investigated for total 375 clinical isolates Mymensingh located north-central Bangladesh. The major gene was blaCTX-M-1 group, which detected 33.9% 51.4%...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes bloodstream infections (BSIs). We aimed to study molecular epidemiological characteristics MRSA isolates from BSIs in northern Japan elucidate recent trend their clonal diversity. (n = 277) were collected blood samples patients who attended healthcare facilities Hokkaido, main island Japan, for a two-year period August 2017. Genotypes, virulence factors/drug-resistance determinants, and structure SCCmec complex...

Staphylocoagulase (SC) is a major phenotypic determinant of Staphylococcus aureus. Antigenic specificity SC (SC serotype) has been classified into at least 10 types and employed as an epidemiological marker. In the present study, from sequence information genes, novel multiplex PCR assay was developed to determine genotypes types) I–X corresponding serotypes I–X, respectively, discriminate two subtypes IV V. Two reactions (Sc-R1 Sc-R2) for single isolate were designed assigning common in S....

Staphylococcus aureus produces virulence factors, including various exotoxins and adhesins, which are associated with a variety of symptoms caused by its infections. In the present study, prevalence these factors was analyzed for 23 S. strains isolated from wound infections in hospitals, nasal swabs, or vomit patients cooks food poisoning case healthy adults Yangon, Myanmar. Among strains, five were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) derived pus (four SCCmec III, ST239) adult (one strain,...

In Japan, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to nation's routine immunization program in April 2013 and replaced by 13-valent (PCV13) November 2013. Distribution of serotypes macrolide resistance genotypes investigated for a total 1097 (975 children, 122 adults) 960 (873 87 clinical isolates Streptococcus pneumoniae from noninvasive infections Hokkaido (northern main island Japan) periods PCV7 PCV13 (April-October 2013-November 2014, respectively). Serotype...

Panton–Valentine leukocidine (PVL) is a distinctive virulence factor of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) staphylococcal genomic island that enhances fitness the ability bacterial cells to colonize on skin mucous membranes. ACME characteristically found in USA300, which predominant CA-MRSA clone [sequence type (ST) 8] USA spreading globally, has also been detected non-ST8 MRSA at low frequency. In Japan,...

Prevalence, drug resistance and genetic characteristics were analysed for a total of 128 clinical isolates staphylococci obtained from tertiary hospital in Myanmar. The dominant species S. aureus (39%) haemolyticus (35%), followed by epidermidis (6%) saprophyticus (5%). majority (71.1%) harboured mecA, showing high rates to ampicillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin levofloxacin, while methicillin-resistant (MRSA) was only 8% (four isolates) among with type IV SCCmec. Panton-Valentine...

Arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a genomic island of staphylococcus and considered to confer enhanced ability survive growth on host bacterial cells. ACME has been typically identified in Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive ST8 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with SCCmec type IVa (USA300 clone), it also found other lineages at low frequency. Prevalence molecular characteristics PVL+and/or ACME+ MRSA were investigated for 624 clinical isolates collected...

Genetic characteristics were analysed for recent clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA MSSA respectively) in Kathmandu, Nepal. MRSA harbouring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes classified into ST1, ST22 ST88 with SCCmec-IV ST772 SCCmec-V (Bengal Bay clone), while PVL-positive ST22, ST30 ST772. (PVL-positive MSSA, PVL-negative MRSA) possessed a variant elastin binding protein gene (ebpS) an internal deletion 180 bp, which was similar to...

Molecular epidemiological characteristics were investigated for 1,041 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) collected in a tertiary care hospital northern Japan 4-year period (2011-2014). Genotypes (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec [SCCmec], sequence type, spa, coa, etc.) and the presence drug resistance/virulence factor genes analyzed by multiplex/uniplex PCR, PCR-direct sequencing as needed. Among these MRSA, predominant SCCmec type was IIa (87.2%), followed...

Staphylococcus argenteus, a novel emerging species within aureus complex (SAC), has been increasingly reported worldwide. In this study, prevalence of S. argenteus among human clinical isolates, and their clonal diversity genetic characteristics virulence factors were investigated in Hokkaido, the northern main island Japan. During four-month period starting from March 2019, twenty-four 4330 isolates recovered specimens (the ratio to :0.0055). Half (n = 12) belonged MLST sequence type (ST)...

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus associated with various toxic diseases due to their emetic and superantigenic activities. Although at least 27 SE(-like) genes have been identified in S. date, the newly not yet well characterized by epidemiological features. In this study, prevalence genetic diversity SE gene sey SE-like selw, selx, selz, sel26, sel27 were investigated for 624 clinical isolates community-acquired methicillin-resistant...

ObjectivesThe arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a novel staphylococcal genetic island. ACME located downstream of the cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), forming ACME–SCCmec composite Recently, II (located upstream SCCmec IV) was described from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain M1 in Denmark (ST8-MRSA-IVa) and 15 MRSA isolates Ireland (ST22-MRSA-IVh). We report characteristics islands found Japanese community-acquired (CA-MRSA) isolates.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs)-Streptococcus pneumoniae is a global public health concern after the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). The present study aimed to analyze prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities non-invasive/colonization isolates S. eight years introduction PCV Japan. A total 545 non-invasive (460 children, 85 adults) obtained from July 2018 January 2019 were studied. All tested for susceptibility ten antimicrobials...

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and variicola (hvKv) cause hospital/community-acquired infections, often associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of hvKp hvKv in northern Japan.