Abstract Background WD40 transcription factors, a large gene family in eukaryotes, are involved variety of growth regulation and development pathways. plays an important role the formation MYB-bHLH-WD (MBW) complexes associated with anthocyanin synthesis, but studies Qingke barley lacking. Results In this study, 164 HvWD40 genes were identified genome analyzed to determine their relevant bioinformatics. The classified into 11 clusters 14 subfamilies based on structural phylogenetic protein...

The mixed-cropping mode of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L) and peas (Pisum sativum can optimize the planting system, effectively enhancing crop nitrogen phosphorus utilization increasing yield. This has been widely applied in Qinghai Province, China. In this study, a split-plot experimental design was employed to investigate bacterial fungal communities rhizosphere soil monocropping treatments under different fertilization levels. Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology used for research,...

Highland barley has a different composition and structure to other crops. It higher contents of total polyphenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) β-glucan, which can be supplemented improve the nutrition wheat-flour-based food. In this study, flours three grain-colored highland varieties Beiqing 6 (BQ), Dulihuang (DLH), Heilaoya (HLY), were added Jimai60 (JM, wheat variety with medium gluten) flour at substitution levels investigate their effects on unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) content,...

Continuous cropping often leads to an unbalanced soil microbial community, which in turn negatively affects functions. However, systematic research of how these effects impact the bacterial composition, functional traits, and metabolites is lacking. In present study, rhizosphere samples Tibetan barley continuously monocropped for 2 (CCY02), 5 (CCY05), 10 (CCY10) years were collected. By utilizing 16S high-throughput sequencing, untargeted metabolomes, quantitative element cycling smart...

Colored barley, which may have associated human health benefits, is more desirable than the standard white variety, but metabolites and molecular mechanisms underlying seedcoat coloration remain unclear.Here, development of Tibetan hulless barley was monitored, 18 biological samples at 3 color developmental stages were analyzed by transcriptomic metabolic assays in Nierumuzha (purple) Kunlun10 (white). A total 41 anthocyanin compounds 4186 DEGs identified. Then we constructed...

Edible fungi cultivation serves as an efficient biological approach to transforming agroforestry byproducts, particularly Korshinsk peashrub (KP) branches into valuable mushroom (Lentinus edodes) products. Despite the widespread use of KP, molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation development remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a combined analysis transcriptome and metabolism fruiting bodies cultivated on KP substrates compared those apple wood sawdust (AWS) substrate....

Barley leaf stripe, a disease mainly caused by Pyrenophora graminea (P. graminea) infection, severely affects barley yield and quality is one of the most widespread diseases in production. However, little known about underlying molecular mechanisms stripe resistance. In this study, transcript expression profiles normal infected leaves resistant Tibetan hulless (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) variety Kunlun 14 susceptible Z1141 were analyzed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results...

Cultivating edible fungi, particularly Lentinula edodes, efficiently transforms agroforestry byproducts into valuable products. However, the mechanism of promotive effects those substrates was largely unknown. This study used wolfberry (WB) and sea buckthorn (SBK) to investigate mushroom fruiting bodies' physiological, proteomics, metabolism profiling. Results show that compared apple wood (AW), crude protein fatty acids were substantially enhanced by both WB SBK treatment. We identified...

Colored hulless barley are more suitable in food processing compared to normal (yellow) varieties because it is rich bioactive compounds and produces higher extraction pearling fractions. Therefore, seed coat color an important agronomic trait for the breeding study of barley.Genotyping-by-sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (GBS-SNP) analysis a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population (Nierumuzha × Kunlun10) was conducted map purple genes (Psc). A high-density genetic constructed,...

Long-term continuous cropping influences the nutrient of soil and microbiome rhizosphere, resulting in yield decrease crops. Tibetan barley is a dominant cereal crop cultivated at high altitudes Tibet. Its growth are negatively affected by cropping; however, response rhizosphere microbial community to remains poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated bacterial structure conducted predictive functional profiling on from monocropped for 2–6 years. The results revealed that...

Hulless barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), also known as highland barley, contains nutritional compounds, such β-glucan and polyphenol, which can be added to wheat flour improve the dough quality. In this study, different formulated samples were obtained by individually adding four hulless flours into of a variety (Jimai 44, designated JM) has very strong gluten. The effects supplementation on gluten structure, rheological properties, bread-making starch digestibility assessed. results showed...

To investigate the role of HvnAnt2 gene in formation different qingke barley grain colours, was isolated from leaves White 91-97-3 (white), Blue (blue), Kunlun 17 (black), and Purple (purple). The encodes a hydrophilic unstable protein consisting 561 amino acids, without transmembrane structure signal peptide, with one bHLH-MYC_N HLH domain at acids 22–204 387–436, respectively. most closely related to Hordeum vulgare distantly Triticum monococcum; it mainly light responsiveness methyl...

Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal which has excellent nutritional and functional properties due to its high content of nutrients, such as polyphenols flavonoids, therefore quinoa serves an supplement make healthy foods. The present study was aimed evaluate the quality characteristics wheat doughs crispy biscuits supplemented with different amount flour. results showed that when more flour substituted by flour, proportion unextractable polymeric protein total (UPP%) reconstituted decreased gluten...

Abstract Tibetan hulless barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. variety nudum Hook. f.) is widely grown on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, where it has served as a staple food for people since 5th century CE. Barley leaf stripe (BLS) one of most severe fungal diseases affecting yield and quality barley. Here, we compared miRNA profiles before after BLS in BLS‐sensitive (‘Z1141’) tolerant (‘Kunlun14’) first time. A total 36 conserved 56 novel miRNAs were identified, which 24 differentially expressed found...

Microbial community structures and keystone species play critical roles in soil ecological processes; however, their responses to the continuous cropping of plants are virtually unknown. Here, we investigated dynamics fungal communities rhizosphere soils continuously cropped Tibetan barley (a principal cereal cultivated on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau). We found that Chao1 Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) indices decreased with increased years. The relative abundance genera Cystofilobasidium, Mucor,...

Abstract Background Based on our previous research, a full-length cDNA sequence of HvANS gene was isolated from purple and white Qingke. The open reading frame (ORF) in the variety Nierumuzha 1320 base pairs (bp), encoding 439 amino acids, while ORF Kunlun 10 1197 bp, 398 acids. A nonsynonymous mutation found at position 1195 bp (T/C) coding (CDS) gene. We carried out series studies to further clarify relationship between anthocyanin synthesis Results conservative structural domain...

Currently, there are no reports on the HvbHLH gene family in recent barley genome (Morex_V3). Furthermore, structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis that interact with HvANT2 have yet be fully identified.

The Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene(F3'H) is an important structural gene in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of plants, which has been proven to be involved color formation organs such as leaves, flowers, and fruits many plants. However, mechanism function barley are still unclear. In order explore molecular grain purple qingke, we used cultivated qingke variety Nierumzha (purple grain) selected Kunlun 10 (white conduct transcriptomic sequencing at early milk, late milk soft dough stage....

I2-KI staining was used to phenotype 151 hulless barley plants, which determined that five samples were of the waxy variety, namely 14-Z152, IG107028, Puebla, Hu Zhu Shuang Cao Ren, and APM-HC1905. Using dual-wavelength method, average amylose content 25.9%, ranging from 4.9 38.5%. The varieties 14.3%, 18.6%. Genomic DNA 48 showing a significantly variable as template PCR amplified using primer pair P4. Statistical analysis indicated product size positively correlated with content. Wx gene...

Drought stress is one of the main factors restricting hulless barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) yield. Genome-wide association study was performed using 269 lines to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with drought-resistance traits. The plants were cultured under either normal or drought conditions, and various quantitative traits including shoot fresh weight, dry root leaf saturated ratio water loss rate, content relative content, field...

To explore the role of WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in resistance process Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.), leaves leaf stripe disease-resistant variety Kunlun 14 and susceptible Z1141 were sequenced by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). A differentially expressed gene HvnWKRY1 was identified, its disease-resistance function preliminarily analysed. The result showed that open reading frame (ORF) 1 062 bp encoded 354 amino acids. It contained conserved domain (273–351)...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars that produce black grains are thought to be more nutritious and contain powerful antioxidant properties, but little is known about the chemical foundation genetic mechanism behind this trait. In research, widely-targeted metabolome transcriptome analyses were employed unveil differences between white cultivars. A total of 157 differentially expressed metabolites found in The tannins flavonoids present at high levels grains. comprised 13...