A5069414807- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Marine and fisheries research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geological formations and processes
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Offshore Engineering and Technologies
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Marine and environmental studies
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2011-2024
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2000
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory
2000
Australian National University
1979
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1974
Abstract In the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) systems there is a complex interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics atmosphere ocean. Their potential contribution to climate system motivated major parallel field programs in both North Pacific [Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS)] Atlantic [Climate Variability Predictability (CLIVAR) Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE)], preliminary observations analyses from these highlight that complexity. The...
Methods for in situ calibration of acoustic-Doppler current profiles (ADCPs) are considered measurement absolute from a moving ship. Errors two types: sensitivity and alignment. Least square error estimates given experimental determination both factors, use the “water track” or “bottom tracking” mode. estimation either factor may lead to large errors derived water velocities, although major contributions factors arise different sources approximately orthogonal one another.
The Bermuda station "S" time series has been used to define the variability of subtropical mode water (STMW) from 1954 1995. This record, which shows decadal at a nominal period about 12–14 yr, as baseline for seeking correlation with large-scale atmospheric forcing and north–south excursions Gulf Stream position defined by subsurface temperature 200-m depth. A common 1954–89 inclusive, data sources, high degree among STMW potential vorticity (PV), position, (buoyancy flux, SST, sea level...
Twenty-two years (1967–88) of hydrographic data collected by the Japan Meteorological Agency along 137°E meridian and surface wind compiled Florida State University (FSU) were analyzed to study interannual variability in western North Pacific. In midlatitude region north 22°N, dominant signal dynamic height field was path variations Kuroshio. Whereas eastward transport Kuroshio itself had no significant changes between straight-path meander-path years, net system including recirculations...
Abstract The meridional coherence, connectivity, and regional inhomogeneity in long‐term sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf slope from 1982–2018 are investigated using observational data sets. A meridionally concurrent large SST warming trend is identified as dominant signal length of between Cape Hatteras North Carolina Chidley, Newfoundland Labrador, Canada. linear trends 0.37 ± 0.06 0.39 °C/decade for regions, respectively. These...
Time series of Gulf Stream position derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter October 1992 to November 1998 are used investigate lead and lag relation between path as it leaves continental shelf changes in sea level pressure, surface wind stress, temperature (SST), given by NCEP reanalysis. The dominant signal is a northward (southward) displacement axis 11 18 months after North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reaches positive (negative) extrema. A SST warming (cooling) peaking north also seen...
The role of medium-scale interleaving temperature and salinity in frontal regions is investigated a model presented which statistical equilibrium the medium scale achieved. Small-scale diffusion across intrusions, causing an attenuation their T/S characteristics, balanced by horizontal advection heat salt motions. "energy" source for balance lateral variation temperature/salinity field associated with water mass transitions. Estimates cross or sole exchange can he made based upon intensity...
The hydrographic and velocity structure of Gulf Stream warm-core ring 81D are investigated using a deep CTD–O2 section through the together with horizontal currents at 100 m depth obtained an acoustic-Doppler system. pycnocline within is depressed 500 below that surrounding Slope Water maximum approach 2 s−1 radius 70–80 km from center. Water-mass analysis reveals waters in central core similar to Sargasso Sea distinct depths 1300 m. Near surface, rotating as solid body approximately once...
An intensive three‐dimensional survey of the Antarctic Polar Front was made in Drake Passage March 1976. The front, which imbedded within one high‐velocity cores circumpolar current, is viewed as a water mass boundary demarking northern extent near‐surface antarctic waters. Within masses are observed to intrude, above other, with characteristic vertical scales 50–100 m. intrusions horizontally anisotropic, being elongated alongstream direction and constrained primarily upper 800 m front....
Abstract Coherent, large-scale shifts in the paths of Gulf Stream (GS) and Kuroshio Extension (KE) occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Attention has usually been drawn causes for these overlying atmosphere, with some built-in delay up a few years resulting from propagation wind-forced variability within ocean. However, latitudes separated western boundary currents can cause substantial changes SST, which may influence synoptic atmospheric little or no delay. Various measures...
Shipboard data from cruises in the 1982 time series on a single Gulf Stream warm‐core ring are composited cylindrical coordinate system following motion of ring. Measurements 10°C isotherm depth used with two‐layer model ring's structure to compute gradient current, kinetic energy, available potential energy ( APE ), and vorticity ring, The momentumrelated quantities compared surface‐derived velocity measurements by using an acoustic Doppler log (APOC; Joyce Kennelly, this issue). volume...
A major oceanographic field experiment is described, which designed to observe, quantify, and understand the creation dispersal of weakly stratified fluid known as "mode water" in region Gulf Stream. Formed wintertime by convection driven most intense air–sea fluxes observed anywhere over globe, role mode waters general circulation subtropical gyre its biogeo-chemical cycles also addressed. The CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamic Experiment (CLIMODE). Here we review scientific objectives present some...
Abstract The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated in various ocean-only and coupled atmosphere–ocean numerical models often varies time because of either forced or internal variability. path the Gulf Stream (GS) is one diagnostic variable that seems to be sensitive amplitude AMOC, yet previous modeling studies show a diametrically opposed relationship between two variables. In this note issue revisited, bringing together ocean observations comparisons with GFDL...
A new hydrographic climatology has been created for the continental shelf region, extending from Labrador to Mid-Atlantic Bight. The 0.2-degree combines all available observations of surface and bottom temperature salinity collected between 1950 2010 along with location, depth date these measurements. While climatological studies have presented previously various regions Canadian U.S. shelves, also suggest that are part one coherent system. This study focuses on structure mean seasonal cycle...
Abstract A moored array spanning the continental slope southeast of Cape Cod sampled equatorward‐flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) for a 10 year period: May 2004 to 2014. Daily profiles subinertial velocity, temperature, salinity, and neutral density are constructed each mooring site cross‐line DWBC transport time series derived specified water mass layers. Time‐averaged transports based on daily estimates flow fields in Stream coordinates contrasted with those from Eulerian‐mean...
Many coastal areas host rich marine ecosystems and are also centers of economic activities, including fishing, shipping recreation. Due to the socioeconomic ecological importance these areas, predicting relevant indicators ecosystem state on sub-seasonal interannual timescales is gaining increasing attention. Depending application, forecasts may be sought for variables spanning physics (e.g., sea level, temperature, currents), chemistry nutrients, oxygen, pH), biology (from viruses top...
A long, by oceanographic standards, time series of hydrographic observations at Bermuda was begun in 1954 and continues to the present. Analysis this dataset has shown temperature salinity variations on interannual timescales be largely independent surface layer (0–200 dbar), where integral for are 50% longer than changes correlated with decadal 18°C Water production. Temperature/salinity anomalies highly thermocline variability that level is accountable either vertical oscillations...
Using altimeter data from the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission (ERM), we investigated mean flow and temporal spatial variations of Kuroshio Extension in region 140°–180°E 30°–40°N. Mean surface height profiles were estimated along individual tracks by assuming velocity profile to be Gaussian‐shaped successively fitting this synthetic current's residual data. ascending descending tracks, derived field an inverse method obtained absolute fields for first 2.5 years ERM. Both instantaneous thus...
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Height (SSH) data for 1993–2007 the North Atlantic are combined with hydrographic at 69W to investigate relation between Gulf Stream (GS) position Slope Water properties. SST anomalies north of GS correlated changes in its path. The lag this correlation is such that positive temperature precede northward shifts GS, suggests move westward speeds several cm/s. EOF analysis SSH fields shows cooling strengthening SW flow phase over Water, which mirrored vertical...