This study explains racial/ethnic differences in serious adolescent violent behavior using a contextual model derived from prior urban, developmental, and criminological theory. Using data the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we compare involvement violence among Asians, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, whites. Results indicate that statistical between whites minority groups are explained by variation community disadvantage (for blacks), gangs Hispanics), social bonds...

This article surveys the labor market status of racial and ethnic groups in seventeen metropolitan areas. Five Asian (Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, Indians) three Hispanic (Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans) are compared to non-Hispanic whites blacks. Minority business concentrations found mostly a few low-wage sectors with low capitalization, levels unionization, high proportions female employees. Patterns economic incorporation meeting minimal definition an enclave economy...

Journal Article The Subculture of Violence and Delinquency: Individual vs. School Context Effects Get access Richard B. Felson, Felson State University New York at Albany Direct correspondence to Department Sociology, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Allen E. Liska, Liska Scott J. South, South Thomas L. McNulty Social Forces, Volume 73, Issue 1, September 1994, Pages 155–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/73.1.155...

This article uses national data on prisons in the United States to examine effects of deprivation, overcrowding, and their interaction likelihood prison suicide. Our central argument is that overcrowding a pivotal feature environments conditions deprivation. Findings provide substantial support for this hypothesis. For example, at low levels minimum-security facilities evidence lower probability suicide, but high levels, they are as likely experience suicide medium- maximum-security...

Macrolevel research on the race‐violence relationship has focused assumption of racial invariance in effects structural disadvantage measures violence. Yet most urban areas black and white distributions only partially overlap, which precludes a critical empirical test assumption. I refer to this as problem “restricted distributions.” Using block group data for Atlanta, results show that effect index violence is similar neighborhoods within low range distribution, but diminishes significantly...

This article integrates theory and research in criminology urban sociology to specify a contextual model of differences adolescent violence between whites five racial-ethnic groups. The views these as function variation community contexts, family socioeconomic well-being, the social capital available adolescents families. Using data from National Education Longitudinal Survey, we show that white-black white-Latino are explained by disadvantages, respectively. American Indians sole group for...

This article draws on general strain theory (GST) to develop and test a model of the childhood abuse-crime relationship. Using data from National Longitudinal Study Adolescent Health (Add Health),(1) we find that early physical sexual abuse are robust predictors offending in adolescence, for full sample equations disaggregated by gender. GST is partially supported effects both females males mediated an index depression symptoms, whereas effect among appears be largely closeness mother. The...

Most criminological theory is cast at either the macro or micro level. Developmental and integrated theories are an exception as they combine community characteristics such neighborhood poverty with micro-level processes. What remains lacking, however, attention to labor market conditions. The authors address this gap by testing a contextual model that links local structure, adolescent attachments, violent delinquency. Analyses draw from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Our...

This article tests a conditional effect hypothesis which predicts that the strength and magnitude of association between racial composition crime rates will dissipate with increasing distance neighborhoods from public housing projects. We examine this 1990–92 geo-coded incident data matched 1990 block-group-level census for Atlanta. The is supported in models predicting murder, rape, assault, order crime, but not robbery property crime. Confirmation our several major types suggests potential...

Journal Article Ethnic Economies in Metropolitan Regions: Miami and Beyond Get access John R. Logan, Logan State University of New York at Albany Direct correspondence to Department Sociology, SUNY, Social Science 340, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard D. Alba, Alba Thomas L. McNulty Forces, Volume 72, Issue 3, March 1994, Pages 691–724, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/72.3.691 Published: 01 1994

Disproportionate involvement in violent behavior among African American, versus white, adolescents is a major arena of debate the social sciences. The individual difference approach draws attention to verbal ability as an explanation black‐white differences violence. Sociological theories stress variation community and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We contrast these causal images racial serious violence using National Longitudinal Survey Adolescent Health contextual modeling. Results...

This article examines the subculture of violence thesis using data on young males (N = 2,213) across 87 high schools. Aggregate analyses show that values reflecting a have substantial effects level interpersonal among school boys. Contextual suggest operates through social control process. A contextual measure regarding has direct effect violence, controlling for individuals' commitment to these values. These results contradict usual explanation how affects violent behavior. Further,...

A prominent perspective in the gang literature suggests that member involvement drug selling does not necessarily increase violent behavior. In addition it is unclear from previous research whether neighborhood disadvantage strengthens relationship. We address those issues by testing hypotheses regarding confluence of disadvantage, membership, selling, and three-level hierarchical model estimated first five waves 1997 National Longitudinal Survey Youth, matched with block-group...

This article draws on institutional and ecological perspectives work organizations to develop a workplace level model of variation in voluntary counselor turnover rates across privately funded substance abuse treatment centers the United States. Results show that participatory management structures reduce principally by promoting organizational commitment. The analysis also tests hypotheses regarding effects other relevant theoretic domains center structure organization. We discuss...

This article tests a conditional effect hypothesis which predicts that the strength and magnitude of association between racial composition crime rates will dissipate with increasing distance neighborhoods from public housing projects. We examine this 1990–92 geo-coded incident data matched 1990 block-group-level census for Atlanta. The is supported in models predicting murder, rape, assault, order crime, but not robbery property crime. Confirmation our several major types suggests potential...

Self-control has been found to predict a wide variety of criminal behaviors. In addition, studies have consistently shown that parenting is an important influence on both self-control and offending. However, few examined the role biological factors may play in moderating relationship between parenting, self-control, Using sample adolescent males drawn from National Longitudinal Study Adolescent Health (N = 3,610), we explore whether variants monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) dopamine...

Measures of delinquent peers have been found to predict a wide variety antisocial behaviors, but few studies examined the role that biological factors may play in moderating peers–delinquency relationship. Using sample adolescent males drawn from National Longitudinal Survey Adolescent Health ( N = 3,557), we explore whether variants dopamine transporter gene DAT1) interact with associations substance-using affect self-reported delinquency. Results negative binomial regressions reveal...

The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in the etiology childhood externalizing behavior remains unclear, especially within developmental models. Many scholars argue that material hardship (i.e. inability to meet basic needs such as food and shelter) is a better indicator economic pressure than income), yet seldom considered. We draw on longitudinal sample young males Fragile Families Child Well-Being Study (n = 1,135) contrast influence persistent with hardship. Results indicate experience...

Neighborhood variations in crime incidence rates are most commonly interpreted through the lens of social disorganization theory, or a "communities and crime" perspective. This approach typically articulates explanation for by focusing on characteristics communities—a unitary scale equated with neighborhoods. We argue that this perspective fails to recognize importance broader urban geographic contexts, offer an extension sees geographically contingent processes functioning at multiple...

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of verbal ability model to African-Americans and social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates effect on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether distinguishes between groups within context Moffitt's developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, multinomial hierarchical Poisson models...

Numerous studies uncover a link between cognitive skills and adolescent violence. Overlooked is whether the relationship changes at varying levels of neighborhood disadvantage. We examine issue by contrasting two models that place individual difference in skill within social‐structural framework. Using five waves 1997 National Longitudinal Survey Youth three‐level hierarchical model, results indicate inversely associated with violence strongest non‐disadvantaged neighborhoods. However,...