Abstract Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is a leading cause of acquired blindness in adults, mostly affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus T DM ). We have developed an experimental model early adult rats which mimics some features human at its initial stages and provokes significant retinal alterations. The aim this work was to analyze the effect melatonin on changes induced moderate metabolic derangement. For purpose, male Wistar received control diet or 30% sucrose drinking water. Three weeks...

Abstract Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, characterized by retinal ganglion cell ( RGC ) loss and optic nerve ON damage. Cumulative evidence suggests glial involvement in the degeneration s. We analyzed contribution microglial reactivity to early axoglial alterations an induced model ocular hypertension. For this purpose, vehicle or chondroitin sulfate CS were weekly injected into eye anterior chamber from Wistar rats for different intervals. The amount Brn3a(+) significantly...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of acquired blindness. Visual function disorders have been observed in diabetic patients with very early or even before the onset retinopathy. The aim present work was to analyze visual pathway an stage experimental diabetes. Diabetes induced Wistar rats by i.p. injection streptozotocin. A deficit anterograde transport from retina superior colliculus 6 weeks after streptozotocin injection. At this time point, morphologic studies did not reveal retinal...

Abstract Nonexudative age‐related macular degeneration (NE‐AMD) represents the leading cause of blindness in elderly. Currently, there are no available treatments for NE‐AMD. We have developed a NE‐AMD model induced by superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) C57BL/6J mice, which reproduces disease hallmarks. Several lines evidence strongly support involvement oxidative stress NE‐AMD‐induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina damage. Melatonin is proven safe antioxidant. Our...

Abstract Preterm birth is a major contributor to early and delayed physical cognitive impairment. Epidemiological experimental data indicate that maternal infections are significant preventable cause of preterm birth. Recently, melatonin has been suggested exert neuroprotective effects in several models brain injury. Here, we sought investigate whether the administration able prevent lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )‐induced fetal damage model ‐induced labor. For this purpose, 15‐day pregnant BALB...

Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative condition of the optic nerve, which might induce permanent vision loss. Currently, there are no effective therapies for this disorder. We have developed experimental model primary ON in rats through a single microinjection 4.5 μg bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into nerve. Since melatonin acts as pleiotropic therapeutic agent various diseases, we analyzed effect on LPS-induced ON. For purpose, LPS or vehicle were...

Retinal ischemia could provoke blindness. At present, there is no effective treatment against retinal ischemic damage. Strong evidence supports that glutamate implicated in We investigated whether a brief period of global or ocular hypothermia applied 24 h before (i.e. hypothermic preconditioning, HPC) protects the retina from ischemia/reperfusion damage, and involvement protection induced by HPC. For this purpose, was increasing intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 40 min. One day...

Background and Purpose Uveitis is a prevalent intraocular inflammatory disease one of the most damaging ocular conditions. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented inflammation induced by an intravitreal injection bacterial LPS in S yrian hamster. Here, we have assessed anti‐inflammatory effects administered after onset inflammation. Experimental Approach The eyes male Syrian hamsters were intravitreally injected vehicle or . Melatonin was i.p. every 24 h, starting 12 h injection. A clinical...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of reduced visual acuity and acquired blindness. Available treatments are not completely effective. We analyzed the effect environmental enrichment on retinal damage induced by experimental diabetes in adult Wistar rats. Diabetes was an intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin. Three days after vehicle or streptozotocin injection, animals were housed enriched environment remained standard environment. Retinal function (electroretinogram, oscillatory...

Retinal ischemic injury is an important cause of visual impairment. The loss retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) a key sign damage. A subset RGCs expressing the photopigment melanopsin (mRGCs) regulates non-image-forming functions such as pupillary light reflex (PLR), and circadian rhythms. We studied effect ischemia on mRGCs system function. For this purpose, transient was induced by raising intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 40 min followed reperfusion restoring normal pressure. At 4 weeks...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which express the photopigment melanopsin, are involved in non-image-forming visual responses such as photoentrainment circadian rhythms and pupillary light reflex. Since several reports indicate that affected by diabetes, we investigated system an advanced stage experimental diabetes rats induced streptozotocin. After 15 wks induction, clear alterations function were observed...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of reduced visual acuity and acquired blindness. Axoglial alterations the distal (close to chiasm) optic nerve (ON) could be first structural change pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rats. We analyzed effect environmental enrichment on axoglial ON provoked by experimental diabetes. For this purpose, three days after vehicle or STZ injection, animals were housed enriched environment (EE) remained standard (SE) for 6 weeks. Anterograde...

Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration, a prevalent cause of blindness, is progressive and degenerative disease characterized by alterations in Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors exclusively localized the macula. Although experimental murine models exist, vast majority take long time to develop and, general, these are ubiquitous, with many resulting from non-eye-specific genetic manipulations; additionally, most do not always reproduce hallmarks human...

Early life stress (ELS) is defined as a period of severe and/or chronic trauma, well environmental/social deprivation or neglect in the prenatal/early postnatal stage. Presently, impact ELS on retina adult stage unknown. The long-term consequences at retinal level were analyzed an animal model maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), which mimics neglect. For this purpose, mice separated from dams for 2 h days (PNDs) 4-6, 3 PNDs 7-9, 4 10-12, 6 13-16, and weaned PND17. At end each...

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness. Visual function disorders have been demonstrated in diabetics even before the onset retinopathy. At early stages experimental diabetes, axoglial alterations occur at distal portion optic nerve. Although ischemic conditioning can protect neurons and synaptic terminals against damage, there no information on its ability to axons. We analyzed effect nerve induced by diabetes. Diabetes was Wistar rats an intraperitoneal injection...

In the animal kingdom, threat information is perceived mainly through vision. The subcortical visual pathway plays a critical role in rapid processing of information-induced fear, and triggers response. Looming-evoked behavior rodents, mimicking response to aerial predators, allowed identify neural circuitry underlying instinctive defensive behaviors; however, influence disk/background contrast on looming-induced behavioral has not been examined, either rats or mice. We studied dark...

Abstract Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD), the main cause of blindness in people above 50 years old, lacks effective treatments at moment. We have developed a new NE-AMD model through unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), which elicits disease features C57Bl/6J mice. The involvement oxidative stress damage induced by to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina has been strongly supported evidence. analysed effect enriched environment (EE) visual...