Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has emerged as a powerful new tool in variety of organisms. An engineered sGFP(S65T) sequence containing optimized codons highly expressed eukaryotic proteins provided up to 100-fold brighter fluorescence signals than the original jellyfish GFP plant and mammalian cells. It would be useful establish non-invasive, quantitative detection system which is for S65T-type GFP, one brightest chromophore mutants among various GFPs. We demonstrate here that transgenic...

The green‐fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish Aequorea victoria has been used as a convenient new vital marker in various heterologous systems. However, it problematic to express GFP higher eukaryotes, especially plants. This paper reports that either strong constitutive or heat‐shock promoter can direct the expression of which is easily detectable maize mesophyll protoplasts. In this single‐cell system, bright green fluorescence emitted visible when excited with UV blue light even...

Mutagenized Arabidopsis seedlings (ecotype Columbia) were screened for the ability to grow photoautotrophically on solid medium containing 200 mM NaCl. A novel mutant line, designated pst1 (for photoautotrophic salt tolerance1), was obtained. There no significant differences between and wild-type plants with regard their induce proline as an osmoregulatory solute. In addition, content of monovalent cations in grown or without stress equal that wild type. We observed light, even at moderate...

Genes for σ-like factors of bacterial-type RNA polymerase have not been characterized from any multicellular eukaryotes, although they probably play a crucial role in the expression plastid photosynthesis genes. We cloned three distinct cDNAs, designated SIG1 , SIG2 and SIG3 polypeptides possessing amino acid sequences domains conserved σ 70 bacterial polymerases higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana . Each gene is present as one copy per haploid genome without additional hybridized genome....

An imbalance in photosynthetic electron transfer is thought to be redressed by control of the rate expression genes encoding apoproteins photosystem (PS)-I and PS-II response redox state plastoquinone (PQ), which a connecting carrier. PS stoichiometry then adjusted enhance efficiency. In prokaryotes, sigma factors are well known for their participation RNA polymerase activity transcription, whereas there have been no reports concerning association with regulation. We found that...

An activation-tagging methodology was applied to dedifferentiated calli of Arabidopsis identify new genes involved in salt tolerance. This identified tolerant callus 8 (stc8) as a gene encoding the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH106. bHLH106-knockout (KO) lines were more sensitive NaCl, KCl, LiCl, ABA, and low temperatures than wild-type. Back-transformation KO line rescued its phenotype, over-expression (OX) bHLH106 differentiated plants exhibited tolerance NaCl. Green...

An open reading frame, rbcR, was identified 226 bp upstream of rbcAB, i.e., the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes expressed in phototrophic purple bacterium Chromatium vinosum. Several features reveal that rbcR encodes a member LysR family transcriptional regulators, which an anomalous content lysine and arginine residues (Lys/Arg anomaly) found. The expression Escherichia coli as protein fused to N-terminal region beta-galactosidase led reduced rbcAB. Thus, is likely encode...

Two sets of genes for the large and small subunits ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) were detected in photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum by hybridization analysis with RuBisCO gene probes, cloned using lambda Fix vector, designated rbcL-rbcS rbcA-rbcB. rbcL rbcA encode subunits, rbcS rbcB subunits. was same as that reported previously (A. M. Viale, H. Kobayashi, T. Takabe, Akazawa, FEBS Lett. 192:283-288, 1985). A DNA fragment bearing rbcA-rbcB...

Abstract Mechanisms underlying suppressed levels of transcripts for plastid photosynthesis genes in nongreen tissues such as roots and calli were analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant suitable further genetic dissection. A region encoding promoters rbcL, the gene large subunit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, atpB/E operon [beta] [epsilon] subunits coupling factor one cloned sequenced. Transcripts atpB/E, psbA, D1 protein photosystem II reaction center, barely detectable A....

Strategies employed for the production of genetically modified (GM) crops are premised on (1) avoidance gene transfer in field; (2) use genes derived from edible organisms such as plants; (3) preventing appearance herbicide-resistant weeds; and (4) maintaining transgenes without obstructing plant cell propagation. To this end, we developed a novel vector system chloroplast transformation with acetolactate synthase (ALS). ALS catalyzes first step biosynthesis branched amino acids, its...

We have analyzed DNA methylation of plastid from fully ripened red fruits, green mature and leaves tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Firstmore). Essentially identical restriction profiles were obtained between chromoplast chloroplast DNAs by EcoRI digestion. BstNI/EcoRII HpaII/MspI are pairs isoschizomers that can discriminate methylated unmethylated DNAs. These endonucleases produced different patterns fruits compared to leaves. Moreover, we found Southern blots was not detected in...

A DNA fragment containing genes for both large (A) and small (B) subunits ofribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) from a photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium vinosum was ligated with vectors expressing unfused proteins introduced into cells of Escherichia coli . The expressers RuBisCO were screened on agar plates using the specific antibody raised against native enzyme production B in demonstrated by an immunoblotting experiment. amount produced E. as high 15% total...

Upon illumination of dark-grown maize seedlings (5 days old) with incandescent light, there occurred a nearly simultaneous increase, after certain lag period, in the activities enzymes engaged C4 pathway and Calvin-Benson cycle. The light-induced biosynthesis chlorophyll (a b) precedes increase enzyme proceeds without phase. A diphasic feature elevation as function intensities light provided was observed; enhanced by greater than 103 ergs per square centimeter second comparison lower...

Three flavonoid glycosides, 1 (rutin: quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), 2 (kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside) and 3 3-O-rutinoside) were isolated from the subcritical water extracts of Melia azedarach leaves. Strong antiangiogenic activity these compounds was observed in vivo assay using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) growing chick embryos.

Abstract Shiga toxin is a major virulence factor of food-poisoning caused by Escherichia coli such as O157:H7. Secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A (SIgA) supposed to prevent infection the mucosal surface and candidate agent for oral immunotherapy. We previously established recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) consisting variable regions from mouse IgG mAb specific binding subunit 1 (Stx1) Fc region IgA. Here we produced secretory form IgA (S-hyIgA) with transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant....

We have recently described the existence of two sets genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rbu-P2 carboxylase), rbcA-rbcB and rbcL-rbcS, in photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum (Viale, A.M., Kobayashi, H., Akazawa, T. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 2391-2400). These were cloned plasmid vectors, their expression was studied Escherichia coli. Expression E. coli obtained under control its own promoter. On other hand, rbcL-rbcS this host not observed...