A5036964036- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Helminth infection and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Gut microbiota and health
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Microbial infections and disease research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
University of Georgia
2014-2024
Yale University
2022-2024
Google (United States)
2016
Mpala Research Center and Wildlife Foundation
2012-2015
Oregon State University
2011-2015
University of Montana
2006-2012
University of Groningen
2011
Virginia Tech
2011
United States Geological Survey
2005
Princeton University
2003-2004
▪ Abstract Mammals are exposed to a diverse array of parasites and infectious diseases, many which affect host survival reproduction. Species that live in dense populations, large social groups, or with promiscuous mating systems may be especially vulnerable diseases owing the close proximity higher contact rates among individuals. We review effects density contacts on parasite spread importance promiscuity structure for evolution sexually transmitted diseases. Host organization system...
Feedbacks between microbiomes and their hosts affect a range of animal behaviors.
The emergence of several high profile infectious diseases in recent years has focused attention on our need to understand the ecological factors contributing spread diseases. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that was first detected United States 1999. accounting for variation prevalence WNV are poorly understood, but ideas suggesting links between biodiversity and reduced vector-borne risk may help account distribution patterns this disease. Since wild birds primary...
In this comprehensive survey of microbiomes >900 species, including 315 mammals and 491 birds, we find a striking convergence the birds animals that fly. nonflying mammals, diet short-term evolutionary relatedness drive microbiome, many microbial species are specific to particular kind mammal, but flying break pattern with microbes shared across different little correlation either or hosts. This finding suggests adaptation flight breaks long-held relationships between hosts their microbes.
Changes in the type and prevalence of human diseases have occurred during shifts social organization, for example, from hunting gathering to agriculture with urbanization Industrial Revolution. The recent emergence reemergence infectious appears be driven by globalization ecological disruption. We propose that habitat destruction biodiversity loss associated biotic homogenization can increase incidence distribution affecting humans. clearest connection between disease is spread nonindigenous...
Summary Heterogeneity in the ability of hosts to transmit pathogens is among most fundamental concepts disease dynamics and has major implications for control strategies. The number secondary infections produced by an infected individual a function three components: individual's infectiousness, rate at which it contacts susceptible individuals duration infection. Individual‐level variation can emerge each these components through combination behavioural physiological mechanisms. In this...
Abstract: Vultures (Accipitridae and Cathartidae) are the only known obligate scavengers. They feed on rotting carcasses most threatened avian functional group in world. Possible effects of vulture declines include longer persistence increasing abundance contact between facultative scavengers at these carcasses. These changes could increase rates transmission infectious diseases, with serving as hubs infection. To evaluate possibilities, we conducted a series observations experimental tests...
Most hosts are infected with multiple parasites, and responses of the immune system to co‐occurring parasites may influence disease spread. Helminth infection can bias host response toward a T‐helper type 2 (Th2) over 1 (Th1) response, impairing host’s ability control concurrent intracellular microparasite infections potentially modifying dynamics. In humans, immune‐mediated interactions between helminths microparasites alter susceptibility diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis (TB), malaria....
I examined associations between several components of host social organization, including group size and gregariousness, stability, territoriality class, gastrointestinal parasite load in African bovids. At an intraspecific level, was positively correlated with prevalence, but only when the relatively specific among species living stable groups. Social class also important predictor infection rates. Among gazelles, territorial males had higher intensities than did either bachelor or females...
Epidemiological studies typically focus on single-parasite systems, although most hosts harbor multiple parasite species; thus, the potential impacts of co-infection disease dynamics are only beginning to be recognized. Interactions between macroparasites, such as gastrointestinal nematodes, and microparasites causing diseases like TB, AIDS, malaria particularly interesting because may favor transmission progression these important diseases. Here we present evidence for strong interactions...
Co-infection complicates treatment Infections rarely occur in isolation, and treating one pathogen may have unpredictable effects on another. Ezenwa Jolles, working wild African buffaloes, expected that because deworming relieves immune suppression, such would lead to a drop tuberculosis the animals clear second infection without further intervention. Not so. Deworming did improve lot of parasite-infested individuals, but it also increased spread among population. What apparently happened is...
Abstract Why mammals have poor regenerative ability has remained a long-standing question in biology. In regenerating vertebrates, injury can induce process known as epimorphic regeneration to replace damaged structures. Using 4-mm ear punch assay across multiple mammalian species, here we show that several Acomys spp . (spiny mice) and Oryctolagus cuniculus completely regenerate tissue, whereas other rodents including MRL/MpJ ‘healer’ mice heal similar injuries by scarring. We demonstrate...
Illuminating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of parasites is one most pressing issues facing modern science, critical for basic global economy, human health. Extremely important to this effort are data on disease-causing organisms wild animal hosts (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, fungi). Here we present an updated version Global Mammal Parasite Database, a database ungulates (artiodactyls perissodactyls), carnivores, primates, make it available...
Abstract Bio-telemetry from small tags attached to animals is one of the principal methods for studying ecology and behaviour wildlife. The field has constantly evolved over last 80 years as technological improvement enabled a diversity sensors be integrated into (e.g., GPS, accelerometers, etc.). However, retrieving data on free-ranging remains challenge since satellite GSM networks are relatively expensive or power hungry. Recently new class low-power communication have been developed...
Host social, ecological and life history traits are predicted to influence both parasite establishment within host species the distribution of parasites among species. Yet only a few studies have investigated role multiple play in determining patterns infection across diverse groups. To explore association between richness (PSR), we assembled comprehensive database encompassing 601 (including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths arthropods) reported infect 96 from two well‐studied clades:...