Electron-beam-induced soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) that uses a grating spectrometer has been introduced to conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) for characterizing desired specimen areas of bulk materials. The was designed as grazing incidence flat-field optics by using aberration corrected (varied line spacing) gratings and multichannel plate detector combined with charge-coupled device camera, which already applied transmission microscope. best resolution confirmed...

Abstract Thin‐film photovoltaics (PV) have emerged as a technology that can meet the growing demands for efficient and low‐cost large‐scale cells. However, photoabsorbers currently in use contain expensive or toxic elements, difficulty bipolar doping, particularly device structure, requires elaborate optimization of heterostructures improving efficiency. This study shows doping with high hole electron mobilities copper nitride (Cu 3 N), composed solely earth‐abundant environmentally benign...

Optical properties of aqueous colloidal dispersions 2D electrolytes, if their aspect ratios are extra-large, can be determined by orientation preferences. Recently, we reported that a dispersion diamagnetic titanate(IV) nanosheets (TiIVNSs), when placed in magnetic field, is highly anisotropic because TiIVNS anomalously orients its plane orthogonal to the flux lines due large susceptibility. Herein, report serendipitous finding TiIVNSs situ photochemically reduced into paramagnetic species...

We have investigated how accurately atomic-resolution annular dark-field (ADF) images match between experiments and simulations to conduct more reliable crystal structure analyses. Quantitative ADF imaging, in which the intensity at each pixel represents fraction of incident probe current, allows us perform direct comparisons with without use fitting parameters. Although conventional comparison suffers from experimental uncertainties such as an amorphous surface layer specimen thickness,...

A quantification procedure for annular dark-field (ADF) imaging, in which a quantitative contrast is given as scattering intensity normalized by an incident probe current, presented. The obtained ADF images are converted to using empirical equation, function of imaging system setting. fully implements the nonlinear response system, critical high-sensitivity observation. We applied observation graphene specimen with 1–4 layers. inner and outer angles detector, important parameters analyses,...

Laminar-type spherical diffraction gratings overcoated with carbon-based materials were designed, fabricated, and evaluated for the purpose of enhancing analytical sensitivity flat-field spectrograph in a vacuum ultraviolet region 35–110 eV. As design benchmark numerical calculations, efficiency (DE) spectral flux, which are defined by product DE aperture correlate spectrograph, used. To simplify feasibility study on overcoating effects, we assumed laminar-type grating having constant 1/1000...

The lateral distribution and coverage of Ru-based dye molecules, which are used for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), were directly examined on a titania surface using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). clean free-standing nanosheet was first confirmed with atomic resolution, then, the as substrate. A single molecule visualized time. quantitative STEM images revealed an inhomogeneous dye-molecule at early stage its absorption, i.e., aggregation molecules....

In this study, electron irradiation effects on lithium peroxide (Li2O2), which is an important discharge product of Li–air (or Li–O2) batteries, were investigated using selected-area diffraction (SAED) and high-energy resolution energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The results obtained show that Li2O2 to Li2O transformation occurs with 80 300 keV incident electrons under high dose rates at 20 −183 °C. rate for was 1/5 the taking place We also present a series EELS spectra can be used as...

Chemical bonding state of sodium borosilicide Na8B74.5Si17.5, which is a new member B12-cluster materials, investigated by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The material composed B12 cluster network and characteristic silicon chains [–Si–(Si–Si)3–Si–] connected sp3 bonding, in distances angles are close to those cubic Si crystal. B K-emission spectrum the showed similar but broader intensity distribution with materials α-r-B, B4C β-r-B. can be due variation B–B bond length cluster. density...

Abstract The method deriving the L self-absorption spectrum from Lα,β emission spectra obtained at different accelerating voltages has been optimized for analyzing chemical state of Fe in solid materials. are fitted using Pseudo-Voigt functions and normalized by integrated intensity each Ll line, which is not affected L2,3 absorption edge. calculated dividing profile collected low voltage that a higher voltage. referred to as soft X-ray structure (SX-SAS). This applied six Fe-based materials...

Abstract Chemical shifts of all constituent atoms for amorphous (Am), quasicrystalline (QC) and crystalline (Cryst) alloys Al53Si27Mn20 were investigated the first time by high energy-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) soft-X-ray emission (SXES). Among Al L-shell excitation EELS spectra Am, QC Cryst alloys, only alloy showed an apparent chemical shift to larger binding energy side 0.4 eV. In Al-Kα Si-Kα SXES these a 4 eV 6 Si-Kα. These values are comparable those...

Chemical shifts of the constituent atoms primitive icosahedral quasicrystal (P-QC), face-centred (F-QC) and 1/1-approximant (1/1-AP) F-QC Zn–Mg–Zr alloys were investigated for first time using high energy-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) soft-X-ray emission (SXES). Among Zn M-shell Mg L-shell excitation EELS spectra P-QC, 1/1-AP alloys, only quasicrystalline showed a chemical shift towards larger binding energy side. In Zn-L Zr-L SXES spectra, P-QC The magnitudes in almost...

Ti L-emission lines of metal-Ti and its oxides are measured by using a soft-X-ray emission spectrometer attached to scanning electron microscope. Lα,β emissions due transitions from valence 3d states core 2p levels show variety intensity distributions for with different crystal structures reflecting bonding states. Lℓ,η-emissions 3s level simple distribution. The energy shift Lℓ,η-emission peak should reflect relaxation in the final state hole 3 s level. information spectrum is discussed...

AbstractChemical shifts of approximant crystals 1/0-Al12Re (1/0-metallic), 1/1-Al73Re15Si12 (1/1-metallic) and 1/1-Al73Re17Si10 (1/1-non-metallic) were examined by using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) soft-X-ray emission (SXES). Al L-shell excitation EELS spectra these alloys showed an apparent chemical shift only for the 1/1-non-metallic alloy to larger binding energy side 0.2 eV. Al-Kα, Re-Mα Si-Kα SXES also a alloy. 1/0-metallic 1/1-metallic did not show any in experiments....

Multilayer diffraction gratings are designed to improve the detection limit and sensitivity of soft x-ray flat-field spectrographs in region 300–1000 eV, placing emphasis on Fe-L (705 eV), Cu-L (930 Zn-L (1012 eV) emissions. For this purpose, spectral flux was used as performance index, which is proportional amount optical incident into a detector correlated with sensitivity. A super-mirror-type W/B4C multilayer coating [Koike et al., Rev.Sci. Instrum. 94, 045109 (2023)] employed efficiency...

An objective soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph employing a laminar-type bilayer coated, varied-line-spacing, spherical grating was designed to improve the detection limit and sensitivity of spectrographs in region 250–550 eV. As design criterion, spectral flux, SF, [Hatano et al., Appl. Opt. 60, 4993–4999 (2021)], which is proportional amount optical flux incident onto detector correlated with sensitivity, used be maximized. To enhance reflectivity coating design, Au/Ni investigated...

The amounts of decreased charge at Al sites Al-based (Al–Pd–Cr–Fe, Al–Si–Mn, and Al–Re–Si) Zn Zn-based (Zn–Mg–Zr) quasicrystals approximant crystals were estimated. evaluation was done by comparisons between chemical shifts experimentally observed soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy the amount valence obtained Bader analysis for first principle calculations reference materials (Al, α-Al2O3, Zn, ZnO). Decreased charges evaluated to be 1.0–2.5 e–/atom 1.1–1.2 e–/atom, respectively. A covalent...

A quantification procedure for annular dark-field (ADF) imaging, in which a quantitative contrast is given as scattering intensity normalized by an incident probe current, presented. The obtained ADF images are converted to using empirical equation, function of imaging system setting. fully implements the nonlinear response system, critical high-sensitivity observation. We applied observation graphene specimen with 1-4 layers. inner and outer angles detector, important parameters analyses,...

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – 8, 2013.

Journal Article Experimental Study of SXES: Determination Iron Oxidation State in Silicate Minerals Get access Takaomi Yokoyama, Yokoyama JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shogo Koshiya, Koshiya Kenichi Tsutsumi, Tsutsumi Terumi Ejima, Ejima Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Yoshiaki Kon National Institute Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Microscopy Microanalysis, Volume 26,...