Most computer-aided alignment methods for optical systems are based on numerical algorithms at present, which omit aberration theory. This paper presents a novel algorithm three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) telescopes using Nodal Aberration Theory (NAT). The field decenter vectors and boresight error of misaligned TMA derived. Two models 3rd 5th order NAT established successively compared in the same example. It is found that average maximum RMS wavefront errors whole view 0.3° × 0.15° 0.063 λ...

Electrochemical reduction with a flow-through electrode system (FES) has been regarded as an effective method for water decontamination. However, under direct voltage (DV) power supply, the efficiencies were strongly limited by gas bubbles generated in porous electrodes and electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged pollutants cathode. Herein, square-wave alternating voltages (SWAV) applied to regulate anodic–cathodic polarities of eliminating accumulation enhancing mass transfer...

Conductive black silicon surfaces (CBSSs) are fabricated by Ag network-assisted catalytic etching, with the network buried in for low reflectance. The CBSSs present a high light absorbance of 97% and good electrical conductivity less than 10 Ω/□. might be used as anti-reflection-coating free light-harvesting devices. As service to our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied authors. Such materials peer reviewed may re-organized online delivery, but not...

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), based on atomic force microscope (AFM) system, is an effective method for nanoscale science and engineering, the potential applications of DPN will be shown in field nanomechanics, nanomaterials, nanobiotechnology, nanomedicine. And novel combined-dynamic mode (CDDPN), rather than mostly used contact or tapping DPN, becomes important tool fabrication nanodots with direct-writing depositing ink onto hard silicon surface at predetermined position, which presented...

The traditional optical design process isolates the two steps of system performance optimization and tolerance allocation, making it difficult to achieve optimal as-built performance. To solve this problem, paper proposes an analytical method for optimizing systems. uses nodal aberration theory derive wavefront estimated value under given surface decenter tilt tolerance, establishes evaluation model. does not require a large amount ray tracing, which can be completed only by tracking...

Electrochemical fabrication of functional three-dimensional micro/nanostructures (3D-MNSs) at the wafer scale is important in semiconductor industry, but it involves complex interfacial reactions. We demonstrated use scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), a competitive direct-writing micromachining technique, to achieve this by electrochemically induced chemical etching processes on wafers. Besides reaction kinetics, machining accuracy function various parameters, such as SECM tip size,...

Photons trapped in the form of waveguide (WG) modes associated with organic-organic interface and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) metallic electrode-organic result a large energy loss organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Introducing gratings onto electrode is especially crucial for recovering power lost to SPP modes. In our research, we demonstrate efficient outcoupling TE mode by two-dimensional (2D) grating, which cannot excited one-dimensional (1D) grating OLED. This causes 62.5%...

Macroporous silicon arrays (MSA) have attracted much attention for their potential applications in photonic crystals, microchannel plates, MEMS devices and so on. In order to fabricate perfect MSA structure, photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching of the influence current on pore morphology were studied detail. The current-voltage curve a polished n-type wafer was presented aqueous HF using back-side illumination. critical density JPS discussed basic condition steady growth proposed. An indirect...

We study the problem of misalignment aberration analysis and correction two-mirror telescopes with stop on secondary mirror. The variation law system’s field is analyzed nodal theory when primary mirror an astigmatic figure error misaligned. analytic expression among system wave aberration, misalignments, astigmatism given, model established. simulation experiment shows that relative prediction coma based this less than 4.1%.

A substrate with microstructure can increase the light extraction efficiency of OLEDs. However, present preparation methods for micro- and nanostructures are not suited broad-area manufacturing. In this research, we suggested an electrochemical etching approach to patterning Si substrates effectively generated a vast area micro-/nanostructures on surface Si. We created OLEDs using patterned substrate. It was discovered through study that when current density is 100 mA/cm

Active optics usually uses the computation models based on numerical methods to correct misalignments and figure errors at present. These can hardly lead any insight into aberration field dependencies that arise in presence of misalignments. An analytical alignment model third-order nodal theory is presented for this problem, which be utilized compute primary mirror astigmatic error two-mirror telescopes. Alignment simulations are conducted an R-C telescope model. It shown absence wavefront...

Combining the requirements of spectrometers for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms, a miniaturized airborne wide-angle push-broom imaging spectrometer with an Offner configuration is designed. The system comprises objective lens and Offner-type spectral range 400~1000 nm resolution 15 nm. are designed in isolation before integration. front inverted telephoto focal length 13 mm, relative aperture 1/4.5, field view 54°. frequency convex grating 102 LP/mm, dispersion width 2.6 mm. modulation...

A highly transparent, conductive, and mechanically flexible electrode is designed demonstrated by Krzysztof Kempa, Zhifeng Ren, Jinwei Gao, co-workers on page 873. It based an inexpensive easily manufacturable uniform metallic network formed evaporating/sputtering metals onto a template of naturally cracked gel film, followed removal. This shows very good electro-optical properties with transmittances ranging from 82% (with ca. 4.3 Ω/sq) to 45% 0.5 Ω/sq).

We propose a design method for three-mirror anastigmatic telescope with low misalignment sensitivity and deduce the analytic expression between aberration its optical parameters based on nodal theory. establish an system as-built performance evaluation model. Using this model as system's indicator, we can get that could have both good image quality after optimization. The results of field bias show be reduced by changing spacing mirrors. When primary mirror secondary increases from to third...

In order to meet the requirement of miniaturization, high image quality and large field view monitor lens, based on characteristics monocentric lenses, development curved sensors, we designed a lens optical system all refraction surfaces its surface have same spherical center. The monitoring system's FOV is 140°, focal length 7.88mm, F-number 1.50, total 14.47 mm. up 11-megapixel. final design result shows that MTF value closed diffraction limit in central 0.7 view, greater than 0.59 at...

The current-voltage curve of an n-type silicon wafer was presented in aqueous HF. critical current density J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PS</sub> discussed. control technology channel dimension studied and realized by changing the etching according to dark density. pore morphology influenced working voltage were analyzed. dependence macropore on orientation studied. tilt channels array with smooth wall can be prepared...

We present an analytical design method for the three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) telescope with mirror spacings as free parameter. After optical designer determines, system focal length and according to requirements, solutions of all TMA telescopes that meet conditions can be obtained directly formulas radius conic constants derived. The here predetermine position envelope size before design, quickly give solutions. a example using compare discuss TMA.

A Silicon microchannel arrays with the very high aspect ratio was prepared by photo-assisted electrochemical etching process. The mechanism of silicon anisotropy etching, process parameters, inducing pit and channel morphology were investigated, condition current density for steady growth discussed. continuous SiO₂ thin film dynode fabricated LPCVD insulation, conductive electron emission layer dynodes studied prepared. We obtained samples plate 25 mm diameter, 4-6 &mu;m side...

A cooperative search path planning algorithm based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to solve the problem of multi-MAV for dynamic target in unknown limited area. Firstly, environment model, MAV state sensor and probability graph are established. Secondly, multi-target efficiency functions including profit flight cost Considering that micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) detect each other independently, integrated fusion method realize information interaction between multiple aircraft...

A macroporous silicon arrays (MSA) was prepared based on bulk-micromachining technology by both dry and wet etching processes respectively. In etching, MSA with 15-30 aspect ratio of the microchannel, 6-20 ¿m dimension pore, 6-8 space were Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) etcher. It shown that there are very differences in process high microstructures between deep pores, a closed structure, trenches, open structure. The morphology dependent analyzed discussed. etched ICP yields an uneven,...

A novel mirror array is proposed to enlarge the range of angular measurement, which based on characteristic ellipse. The relevant tolerance analysis homogeneous coordinate transformation also carried out.

Star sensor is a high accuracy sensitive instrument for attitude determination, and the optical system an essential part of star sensor. According to user requirements CODE V patent library, lens with large relative aperture wide-spectrum range optimized. The final design consists 8 spherical lenses. focal length 50mm, 1/1.35, field view 7° × (the diagonal 9.9°), spectral 500nm 800nm. results show has good performance. distortion less than 1%, energy concentration more 80%, MTF all fields...