Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi

ORCID: 0000-0002-8419-2219
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Research Areas
  • Healthcare Systems and Reforms
  • Healthcare Policy and Management
  • Global Health Care Issues
  • Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
  • Global Maternal and Child Health
  • Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
  • Health disparities and outcomes
  • Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Climate Change and Health Impacts
  • Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
  • COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
  • Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
  • COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Misinformation and Its Impacts
  • COVID-19 epidemiological studies
  • Islamic Finance and Banking Studies
  • Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
  • Socioeconomic Development in MENA
  • Public-Private Partnership Projects
  • Economic and Environmental Valuation
  • Public Procurement and Policy
  • COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
  • Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation

King Abdulaziz University
2017-2024

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2023-2024

University of Washington
2024

King Abdul Aziz University Hospital
2021

Aston University
2018

Background: Saudi Arabia has taken unprecedented and stringent preventive precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, safeguard citizens ensure their well-being. Public adherence is influenced by knowledge attitude towards COVID-19. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, practices of public, COVID-19, during pandemic. Methods: a cross-sectional study, using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, from 3388 participants. To assess differences in...

10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 article EN cc-by Frontiers in Public Health 2020-05-27
Khanh Bao Tran Justin J. Lang Kelly Compton Rixing Xu Alistair R. Acheson and 95 more Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson Jonathan Kocarnik Louise Penberthy Amirali Aali Qamar Abbas Behzad Abbasi Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Hedayat Abbastabar Michael Abdelmasseh Sherief Abd‐Elsalam Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab Gholamreza Abdoli Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir Aidin Abedi Kedir Hussein Abegaz Hassan Abidi Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Abdorrahim Absalan Yonas Derso Abtew Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu‐Gharbieh Basavaprabhu Achappa Juan Acuña Daniel Addison Isaac Yeboah Addo Oyelola A. Adegboye Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Mohammad Adnan Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Shailesh M Advani Sumia Afrin Muhammad U. Afzal Manik Aggarwal Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Araz Ramazan Ahmad Rizwan Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Sohail Ahmad Sepideh Ahmadi Haroon Ahmed Luai A. Ahmed Muktar Beshir Ahmed Tarik A. Rashid Wajeeha Aiman Marjan Ajami Gizachew Taddesse Akalu Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi Addis Aklilu Maxwell Akonde Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna Hanadi Al Hamad Fares Alahdab Fahad Mashhour Alanezi Turki Alanzi Saleh A. Alessy Abdelazeem M. Algammal Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi Robert Kaba Alhassan Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali Liaqat Ali Syed Shujait Ali Yousef Alimohamadi Vahid Alipour Syed Mohamed Aljunid Motasem Alkhayyat Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri Sami Almustanyir Nivaldo Alonso Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi Rajaa Al‐Raddadi Rami H Hani Al-Rifai Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah Ala’a B. Al‐Tammemi Haya Altawalah Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán Firehiwot Amare Edward Kwabena Ameyaw Javad Aminian-Dehkordi Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq Hubert Amu Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa Robert Ancuceanu Jason A Anderson Yaregal Animut Amir Anoushiravani Ali Arash Anoushirvani Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam Mustafa Geleto Ansha Benny Antony Maxwell Hubert Antwi KM Shivakumar Razique Anwer Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor

BackgroundUnderstanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from Global Burden Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 inform control planning efforts globally.MethodsThe GBD comparative assessment framework was used estimate behavioural, environmental occupational, metabolic factors. A total 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on basis World...

10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01438-6 article EN cc-by The Lancet 2022-08-01

Objective: This study aims to determine the acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia and factors affecting their intention accept vaccine. Methods: The used data from an online cross-sectional survey that was conducted between 8 December 2020 14 2020. employed bivariate multivariable regression analyses. describe tabulate frequency all variables, including sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception acceptance vaccination chi-squared test...

10.3389/fmed.2021.644300 article EN cc-by Frontiers in Medicine 2021-03-01
Dan J. Stein Hazim Ababneh Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Cristiana Abbafati Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh and 95 more Mohammadreza Abbasian Hedayat Abbastabar Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied Samar Abd ElHafeez Atef Abdelkader Michael Abdelmasseh Sherief Abd‐Elsalam Parsa Abdi Mohammad Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Auwal Abdullahi Mesfin Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Mohamed Abouzid Girma Beressa Aboye Lucas Guimarães Abreu Abdorrahim Absalan Hasan Abualruz Bilyaminu Abubakar Hana J Abukhadijah Giovanni Addolorato Victor Adekanmbi Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji Juliana Bunmi Adetunji Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa Rishan Adha Ripon Kumar Adhikary Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Leticia Akua Adzigbli Fatemeh Afrashteh Muhammad U. Afzal Saira Afzal Faith Agbozo Antonella Agodi Anurag Agrawal Williams Agyemang‐Duah Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Austin J Ahlstrom Aqeel Ahmad Firdos Ahmad Muayyad Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Shahzaib Ahmad Anisuddin Ahmed Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Safoora Ahmed Syed Anees Ahmed Karolina Akinosoglou Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif Ashley E Akrami Ema Akter Salah Al Awaidy Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan Amjad S Al Mosa Omar Al Ta’ani Omar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi Fares Alahdab Muaaz Alajlani Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni Samer O Alalalmeh Ziyad Al‐Aly Khurshid Alam Noore Alam Shazia Alam Zufishan Alam Rasmieh Al‐Amer Fahad Mashhour Alanezi Turki Alanzi Almaza A. Albakri Wafa Ali Aldhaleei Robert W Aldridge Seyedeh Yasaman Alemohammad Megbaru Alemu Adel Al‐Gheethi Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi Abid Ali Amjad Ali I. Hadj Ali Mohammed Usman Ali Rafat Ali Syed Shujait Ali Victor Ekoche Ali Waad Ali Akram Al‐Ibraheem Gianfranco Alicandro Sheikh Mohammad Alif Syed Mohamed Aljunid François Alla Joseph Uy Almazan Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi Ahmad Alrawashdeh

10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00685-8 article EN cc-by The Lancet 2024-05-01
Angela E Micah Kayleigh Bhangdia Ian Cogswell Dylan Lasher Brendan Lidral-Porter and 95 more Emilie R Maddison Trang Nhu Ngoc Nguyen Nishali Patel Paola Pedroza Juan Solorio Hayley N Stutzman Golsum Tsakalos Yifeng Wang Wesley Warriner Yingxi Zhao Bianca S Zlavog Cristiana Abbafati Jaffar Abbas Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Michael Abdelmasseh Deldar Morad Abdulah Aidin Abedi Kedir Hussein Abegaz E S Abhilash Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Michael R.M. Abrigo Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu‐Gharbieh Mohammed Hussien Adem Muhammad U. Afzal Ali Ahmadi Haroon Ahmed Tarik A. Rashid Budi Aji Hossein Akbarialiabad Yibeltal Akelew Hanadi Al Hamad Khurshid Alam Fahad Mashhour Alanezi Turki Alanzi Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi Robert Kaba Alhassan Syed Mohamed Aljunid Sami Almustanyir Rajaa Al‐Raddadi Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk Azmeraw T. Amare Edward Kwabena Ameyaw Mostafa Amini‐Rarani Hubert Amu Robert Ancuceanu Tudorel Andrei KM Shivakumar Francis Appiah Muhammad Aqeel Jalal Arabloo Morteza Arab‐Zozani Aleksandr Y. Aravkin Olatunde Aremu Raphael Taiwo Aruleba Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Leticia Ávila‐Burgos Martin Amogre Ayanore Samad Azari Atif Amin Baig Abere Tilahun Bantie Amadou Barrow Pritish Baskaran Sanjay Basu Abdul‐Monim Batiha Bernhard T. Baune Zombor Berezvai Nikha Bhardwaj Pankaj Bhardwaj Sonu Bhaskar Micheal Kofi Boachie Virgínia Bodolica João Botelho Dejana Braithwaite Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Reinhard Busse Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado Ferrán Catalá-López Collins Chansa Jaykaran Charan Vijay Kumar Chattu Simiao Chen Isaac Sunday Chukwu Omid Dadras Lalit Dandona Rakhi Dandona Abdollah Dargahi Sisay Abebe Debela Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez Belay Desye Samath D Dharmaratne Nancy Diao

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these is issue of financing national especially low-income middle-income countries (LMICs), as well a robust global system for preparedness. We aimed provide comparative assessment spending at onset pandemic; characterise amount development assistance preparedness response disbursed first 2 years...

10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00007-4 article EN cc-by The Lancet Global Health 2023-01-25
Rajesh Sharma Hedayat Abbastabar Deldar Morad Abdulah Hassan Abidi Hassan Abolhassani and 95 more Zahra Abrehdari-Tafreshi Abdorrahim Absalan Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu‐Gharbieh Juan Acuña Nasrin Adib Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Abbas Aghaei Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Sepideh Ahmadi Luai A. Ahmed Marjan Ajami Hanadi Al Hamad Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan Fahad Mashhour Alanezi Adel Al‐Gheethi Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi Abid Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali Yousef Alimohamadi Syed Mohamed Aljunid Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri Saleh A Alqahatni Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah Rajaa Al‐Raddadi Ala’a B. Al‐Tammemi Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam KM Shivakumar Razique Anwer Muhammad Aqeel Jalal Arabloo Morteza Arab‐Zozani Hany Ariffin Al Artaman Judie Arulappan Tahira Ashraf Elaheh Askari Mohammad Athar Maha Atout Sina Azadnajafabad Muhammad Badar Ashish Badiye Nayereh Baghcheghi Sara Bagherieh Ruhai Bai Khuloud Bajbouj Shrikala Baliga Mainak Bardhan Azadeh Bashiri Pritish Baskaran Saurav Basu Uzma Belgaumi Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez Bharti Bhandari Nikha Bhardwaj Ajay Nagesh Bhat Saeid Bitaraf Archith Boloor Milad Bonakdar Hashemi Zahid A Butt Joshua Chadwick Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan Vijay Kumar Chattu Pankaj Chaturvedi William C. Cho Aso Mohammad Darwesh Nihar Ranjan Dash Amin Dehghan Arkadeep Dhali Mostafa Dianatinasab Mahmoud Dibas Abhinav Dixit Shilpi Gupta Dixit Fariba Dorostkar Haneil Larson Dsouza Iffat Elbarazi Noha Mousaad Elemam Waseem El‐Huneidi Eyad Elkord Omar El Meligy Mohammad Hassan Emamian Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar Rana Ezzeddini Zehra Fadoo Razana Faiz Ildar Fakhradiyev Aida Fallahzadeh MoezAlIslam E. Faris Hossein Farrokhpour Ali Fatehizadeh Hamed Fattahi Ginenus Fekadu Takeshi Fukumoto

Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the temporal patterns of incidence, mortality, disability and risk factors 29 cancers Asia last three decades. The age, sex year-wise estimates disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 49 Asian countries from 1990 through 2019 were generated as part Global Burden Disease, Injuries Risk Factors study. Besides mortality DALYs, we also examined cancer burden measured terms DALYs deaths attributable to factors,...

10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100333 article EN cc-by The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia 2024-01-02

Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions people to their homes and caused a substantial degree psychological distress. This study aims investigate the distress impact pandemic among Saudi population. Methods: is cross-sectional study, using data collected from 3036 participants via an online self-reported questionnaire. was constructed Peritraumatic Distress Index classify individuals in sample as having normal, mild or severe levels. used descriptive analysis...

10.2147/rmhp.s264037 article EN cc-by-nc Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020-07-01

The public sector healthcare system in Saudi Arabia, essentially financed by oil revenues and 'free at the point of delivery', is coming under increasing strain due to escalating expenditure an increasingly volatile market likely be unsustainable medium long term.

10.1007/s40258-017-0353-7 article EN cc-by-nc Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 2017-09-20
Dana Bryazka Marissa B Reitsma Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied Atef Abdelkader and 95 more Arash Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga E S Abhilash Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Lucas Guimarães Abreu Dariush Abtahi Hasan Abualruz Bilyaminu Abubakar Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh Salahdein Aburuz Ahmed Abu‐Zaid Mesafint Molla Adane Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi Oyelola A. Adegboye Victor Adekanmbi Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Leticia Akua Adzigbli Siamak Afaghi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Muhammad U. Afzal Saira Afzal Antonella Agodi Williams Agyemang‐Duah Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Austin J Ahlstrom Aqeel Ahmad Danish Ahmad Muayyad Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Shahzaib Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Anisuddin Ahmed Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Muktar Beshir Ahmed Safoora Ahmed Marjan Ajami Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif Ema Akter Salah Al Awaidy Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan Yazan A. Al‐Ajlouni Ziyad Al‐Aly Khurshid Alam Zufishan Alam Wafa Ali Aldhaleei Abdelazeem M. Algammal Adel Al‐Gheethi Khalid F. AlHabib Fadwa Alhalaiqa Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi Abid Ali Mohammed Usman Ali Rafat Ali Syed Shujait Ali Waad Ali Sheikh Mohammad Alif Syed Mohamed Aljunid François Alla Peter Allebeck Wael Almahmeed Sabah Al-Marwani Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri Mahmoud A. Alomari Jaber S. Alqahtani Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi Rajaa M Mohammad Al-Raddadi Sahel Majed Alrousan Saqr Alsakarneh Najim Z. Alshahrani Zaid Altaany Awais Altaf Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán Mohammad Alwardat Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi Hany Aly Safwat Aly Mohammad S. Alyahya Karem H. Alzoubi Walid Al-Zyoud Reza Amani Tarek Tawfik Amin Sohrab Amiri Hubert Amu Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa Tanu Anand Deanna Anderlini David Anderson Jason A Anderson

10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00166-x article EN cc-by The Lancet Public Health 2024-10-01

The Saudi Healthcare System is universal, financed entirely from government revenue principally derived oil, and 'free at the point of delivery' (non-contributory). However, this system unlikely to be sustainable in medium long term. This study investigates feasibility acceptability healthcare financing reform by examining households' willingness pay (WTP) for a contributory national health insurance scheme.Using contingent valuation method, pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire...

10.1007/s40258-017-0366-2 article EN cc-by-nc Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 2018-01-05

Abstract The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing globally become a significant public health concern in Australia the two past decades. This study explores most recent national trends adult Australia. It will also investigate geographic remoteness as potential risk factor for an individual being or obese adulthood. A retrospective longitudinal that utilised 14 successive waves (wave 6 through 19) nationally representative linked individual-level survey. Data was obtained...

10.1038/s41598-021-90750-1 article EN cc-by Scientific Reports 2021-05-31

Identifying the factors driving vaccine hesitancy can improve attitudes and motivate individuals to have recommended vaccinations. However, failure address issue directly, or worse, ignoring it, could deepen such concerns, resulting in lower vaccination rates, leading elevated rates of illness vaccine-preventable deaths among older adults. The aim this study was explore rate acceptance COVID-19 adults Saudi Arabia, along with associated predicting reasons for hesitancy. This extracted data...

10.3390/vaccines9111257 article EN cc-by Vaccines 2021-10-31

People with chronic conditions such as cancer, kidney disease, lung diabetes, dementia, obesity, and heart are at elevated risk of developing severe complications, thus greater death due to COVID-19. The COVID-19 vaccine is an effective measure manage the pandemic it prevents illness death. Nevertheless, many people hesitant receive fear its side effects. aim this study was identify protective factors accepting vaccination among Saudi Arabian diseases. This extracted data from online...

10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.002 article EN cc-by-nc-nd Journal of Infection and Public Health 2021-08-13

Background: Saudi Arabia’s healthcare sector is growing at a hasty stride; nevertheless, the quality of consumption remains challenged by caseload in free public health facilities. Insurance could ease this pressure moving some demand to private facilities conditional on its ability enact health-seeking behaviour. These potential effects remain under-investigated. Therefore, aim study was investigate whether insurance nudges behaviour using data from Arabia. Materials and Methods: The used...

10.2147/rmhp.s257381 article EN cc-by-nc Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020-06-01

Background: Achieving universal health coverage is an important objective enshrined in the 2015 global Sustainable Development Goals. However, rising cost of healthcare remains obstacle to attainment coverage. Health insurance considered option reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure on and medicine. Nevertheless, relationship between OOP along welfare distributions not well understood. This study investigates heterogeneous association medicine, income, using data from Kingdom Saudi Arabia....

10.3389/fphar.2021.638035 article EN cc-by Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021-04-30

Objective Women’s empowerment and its association with fertility preference are vital for central-level promotional health policy strategies. This study examines the between women’s decision-making in low middle resource countries (LMRCs). Design cross-sectional uses Demographic Health Survey database. Settings 53 LMRCs from six different regions period ranging 2006 to 2018. Participants The data of women-only aged 35 years above is used as a unit analysis. final sample consists 91 070...

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045952 article EN cc-by-nc BMJ Open 2021-06-01

Rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including diabetes in the Middle East, is a major public health concern 21st century. However, there paucity literature to understand and measure socio-economic inequalities this region, Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA).This study investigated KSA using data from Health Interview Survey. Concentration curve, concentration index, multivariate logistic regression were used examine income- education-related prevalence.The results showed significant...

10.1002/hpm.2899 article EN The International Journal of Health Planning and Management 2019-08-28

Background Saudi Arabia is considering increasing the role of private sector's participation in financing and delivering healthcare services through adoption Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, successful implementation PPPs sector requires careful attention to overcome potential obstacles. Objectives This study investigates identifies barriers sector. Methods A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used collect data from 72 respondents over a two-month period....

10.1371/journal.pone.0233802 article EN cc-by PLoS ONE 2020-06-18

Background: Over the past two decades, Saudi Arabia has made significant improvements in its population's health standards. These have been coupled with an increase risk factors related to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and a dramatic shift burden of disease profile. This study aims provide empirical evidence on socio-economic demographic correlates NCD among adults Arabia. Methods: The data used for this is secondary derived from Health Interview Survey (SHIS) conducted 2013. SHIS...

10.3389/fmed.2021.605912 article EN cc-by Frontiers in Medicine 2021-04-06

Tobacco consumption, or smoking, is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). In order to reduce consumption tobacco products, it necessary understand factors that drive it. However, little known about socioeconomic determinants smoking KSA. This study, therefore, investigates influence Using national health survey, study employs logistic negative binomial regressions examine associated with smoking. Moreover, inequality...

10.3390/ijerph18115665 article EN International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021-05-25

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming a challenge worldwide, causing high mortality and morbidity. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates NCDs globally in Arabian Gulf region. Epidemiological data indicate that responsible for 70 % all deaths Arabia. The aim this study was to examine socioeconomic determinants inequalities prevalence Methods Data from Family Health Survey conducted 2018 by General Authority Statistics were used study. Univariate,...

10.1186/s12939-021-01510-6 article EN cc-by International Journal for Equity in Health 2021-07-28

Saudi Arabia is the fifth largest consumer of calories from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in world. However, there a knowledge gap to understand factors that could potentially impact SSB consumption Arabia. This study aimed examine determinants SSBs Arabia.The participants this were Health Interview Survey (SHIS) 2013, recruited all regions Data total 10,118 survey respondents utilized who aged 15 years and older. Our used two binary outcome variables: weekly (no vs. any amount) daily...

10.3389/fnut.2022.744116 article EN cc-by Frontiers in Nutrition 2022-03-22

The adoption of telemedicine has facilitated the opportunity to offer best health care services. Nevertheless, there is a mismatch between presence programs in Kingdom Saudi Arabia and poor acceptance by end-user patients.This study aimed gain holistic understanding knowledge, attitudes, barriers patients (ie, research participants) toward utility services Arabia.A cross-sectional, survey-based was conducted from June 1 July 31, 2022, Arabia. questionnaire developed based on literature...

10.2196/46446 article EN cc-by JMIR Formative Research 2023-06-14
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