Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids and marijuana activate two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB-Rs), CB1-Rs CB2-Rs. The expression of in the brain periphery has been well studied, but neuronal CB2-Rs have received much less attention than CB1-Rs. Many studies now identified characterized functional glial central nervous system. However, many features CB2-R gene structure, regulation variation remain poorly comparison with CB1-R. In this study, we report on discovery a novel human CB2...

Clozapine-induced obsessive/compulsive symptoms (OCS) have been reported by many authors. This study investigated the incidence of these side effects, together with relation between effects and plasma concentration (Cps) clozapine its metabolites norclozapine clozapine-N-oxide in schizophrenic patients. One hundred two patients treated were interviewed screened questionnaires testing for OCS during a 1-year period. Cps monitored using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography...

Few studies have used systematic datasets to assess the safety of antipsychotic rechallenge after an adverse event. This nested case-control study estimated risk for recurrent pneumonia reexposure treatment.In a nationwide schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM code 295) cohort (derived from National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan) who were hospitalized codes 480-486, 507) between 2000 and 2008 (N = 2,201), we identified 494 subjects that developed baseline episode. Based on risk-set sampling...

Background: Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption enhances the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ethanol-derived free radicals. 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker to estimate ROS-induced DNA damage. The study objective was compare serum 8-OHdG levels between patients with dependence healthy controls investigate correlation this severity withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Methods: We recruited 79 63 control subjects. AWS evaluated using Chinese version revised Clinical...

Aim Methamphetamine ( METH ) administration is associated with excessive oxidative stress. It not known whether the systemic stress indices would alter during early abstinence in abusers positive urine testing for recent exposure. Methods Sixty‐four non‐treatment‐seeking enrolled from a controlled environment and 60 healthy controls participated study. Fasting serum malondialdehyde MDA levels anti‐oxidant indices, including superoxide dismutase SOD catalase CAT activity, glutathione GSH...

Objective This study investigated pre‐pregnancy body mass index ( BMI ) and weight change in pregnancy as potential risk factors for intellectual disability ID children. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting South Carolina, USA . Population A total of 78 675 mother–child pairs, insured by the Carolina Medicaid programme, born period 2004–2007. Methods We analysed data, linked to data from both Department Education DOE Disabilities Special Needs DDSN ). Maternal during were obtained...

Abstract Some physical illnesses are potentially associated with the development of schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated these associations. Here, we examined and medical utilization patterns existing before patients received a diagnosis We enrolled large representative cohort general population in Taiwan (N = 1 000 000) identified 1969 young new schizophrenia from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013. conducted nested case-control study based on risk-set sampling. Each case...

Although methamphetamine use is a serious public health problem, large-scale cohort studies assessing methamphetamine-related mortality are scant. This study investigated all-cause and suicide methods in people with disorder.A record-linkage using data from Taiwan's National Health Research Institute Database (NHIRD) linked to Death Certification System.Taiwan.A total of 23 248 individuals disorder between 1 January 2001 31 December 2005.The outcome variables included rates standardized...

People with bipolar disorder have an elevated risk of mortality. This study evaluated associations between the use mood stabilizers and risks all-cause mortality, suicide, natural mortality in a national cohort people disorder.In this nationwide study, we used data from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, collected Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database included 25,787 patients disorder. Of these patients, 4000 died during period (including 760 2947 suicide causes,...

Background Research on the risk of stroke following use mood stabilisers specific to patients with bipolar disorder is limited. Aims In this study, we investigated exposure in disorder. Method Data for nationwide population-based study were derived from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. Among a retrospective cohort ( n = 19 433), 609 new-onset cases identified 1999 2012. A case–crossover design utilising 14-day windows was applied assess acute effect individual ischaemic,...

Background The association between antipsychotic use and the risk of stroke in schizophrenic patients is controversial. We sought to study a nationwide cohort with schizophrenia. Methods Using retrospective schizophrenia (N = 31,976) derived from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 802 new-onset cases were identified within 10 years follow-up (from 2000 through 2010). designed case-crossover using 14-day windows explore factors drugs stroke. analyzed risks individual...

Studies on cancer incidence and mortality in patients with schizophrenia have reported inconsistent findings. In this study, we simultaneously investigated evaluated the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), which is rare literature.From Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, collected data of 107,489 who received a diagnosis between 2000 2019. Data regarding were obtained from Cancer Registry Mortality respectively. total, 3881 incident cases 2288 identified. Standardized ratios (SIRs),...

Abstract Needle‐sharing and sexual contact are important transmission routes of hepatitis B, C, D virus (HBV, HCV, HDV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the current status these viral infections among high‐risk populations including prostitutes intravenous (i.v.) drug users, compared with prevalence rate reported previously examine changing seroepidemiology. Of 916 female prostitutes, 79 (9%) were positive for antibody HCV (anti‐HCV), 111 (12%) HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), 5 (5%)...

Background Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress. We previously found that levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐ OH d G ), a marker DNA damage, are elevated in alcohol‐dependent patients without delirium tremens ( DT s). The aim this study was to compare serum 8‐ between with s. Methods recruited 16 s group) 58 (non‐ group). Alcohol withdrawal severity evaluated using the C hinese version revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Scale CIWA ‐ A...

Medical comorbidities are prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder. Evaluating longitudinal trends of the incidence medical illnesses enables implementation early prevention strategies to reduce high mortality rate this at-risk population. However, risks stages disorder remain unclear. This study investigated and 5-year trend following diagnosis.We identified 11,884 aged 13-40 years who were newly diagnosed as having during 1996-2012 47,536 age- sex-matched controls (1:4 ratio)...

Dextromethorphan has been reported to ameliorate opioid withdrawal symptoms in both animal and human subjects. In the present study, we investigated efficacy of dextromethorphan as an add-on medication heroin detoxification treatment a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Sixty-five heroin-dependent patients (male, 63; female, 2) participated this inpatient trial after giving informed consent. Clonidine 0.075 mg 4 times day was given antiwithdrawal at baseline. Each patient then randomly...

Aim Home care case management (CM) is the main intervention for patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs) requiring outreach care. This study investigated long-term mortality outcome and associated risk factors in who received home CM.Methods nationwide enrolled CM (n = 10,255) between 1 January 1999 31 December 2010. Each patient was followed up from baseline (when underwent first time during period) to censor (i.e. or end of study). We calculated standardized ratio (SMR) presented by...

Abstract Objectives Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of suicide. Few studies have investigated the suicide across different ages, likely due to limitations around sample size. Methods From National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, this study identified 195,787 patients schizophrenia from January 1, 2000, December 31, 2019. During period, 3848 died We calculated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for stratified by age. In age‐stratified, nested case–control...