Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from soil in four adjacent habitats (oak forest, agricultural soil, pine reforestation and chaparral habitat) Saltillo, México using the insect bait method with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as bait. Overall, of exposed to 171 (20%) hosted Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), 25 (3%) Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin Clavicipitaceae) 1 (0.1%) Isaria (=Paecilomyces) sp....

In the United States (US), sugarcane aphid (SCA) Melanaphis sacchari (Zehnter) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was introduced in 1970s, however at that time it only considered a pest of sugarcane. 2013, massive outbreak M. occured on sorghum, resulting significant economic damage to sorghum grown North America including US, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. The aim present study determine if SCA emergence American resulted from introduction new genotypes. To this end we used microsatellite markers COI...

Disease risk maps are important tools that help ascertain the likelihood of exposure to specific infectious agents. Understanding how climate change may affect suitability habitats for ticks will improve accuracy tick-borne pathogen transmission in humans and domestic animal populations. Lyme disease (LD) is most prevalent arthropod borne US Europe. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi causes LD it transmitted other mammalian hosts through bite infected Ixodes ticks. transboundary region...

Microorganisms are acknowledged for their role in shaping insects' evolution, life history and ecology. Previous studies have shown that microbial communities harbored within insects vary through ontogenetic development among feeding on different host-plant species. In this study, we characterized the bacterial microbiota of highly polyphagous Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), at instars when Our results show hosted fly differs Most bacteria by belong to...

Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner, 1897) and sorghi (Theobald, 1904) are major worldwide crop pests causing direct feeding damage on sorghum transmitting viruses to sugarcane. It is common in the scientific literature consider these two species as synonyms, referred ‘sugarcane aphid’, although no formal study has validated this synonymy. In study, based comparison of samples collected from their whole distribution area, we use both morphometric molecular data better characterize discrimination...

Introduction This study aimed to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of Academic Major Satisfaction Scale in context assessing academic dropout intention among Peruvian university students. Shifting focus AMSS scale will provide significant practical value institutions, as measuring yield directly applicable insights address student enhance retention. Methods An instrumental, cross-sectional research was carried out with 443 students, 56.2% whom were women aged between 18 25...

Host-associated differentiation (HAD) is the presence of genetically divergent, host-associated populations. It has been suggested that microbial symbionts insect herbivores may play a role in HAD by allowing their hosts to use different plant species. The objective this study was document if populations Phylloxera notabilis Pergande (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) pecan and water hickory corresponded with differences composition associated bacteria. To test hypothesis, we characterized present...

Abstract Plant anti‐herbivore defenses are known to be affected by life‐history evolution, as well domestication and breeding in the case of crop species. A suite plants from maize genus Z ea ( P oaceae) specialist herbivore D albulus maidis eLong & W olcott) H emiptera: C icadellidae) were used test hypothesis that plant evolution human intervention through for high yield. The included a mays ssp. L .) commercial hybrid, landrace, two populations annual B alsas teosinte . parviglumis I...

The sugarcane borer moth, Diatraea saccharalis, is widespread throughout the Western Hemisphere, and considered an introduced species in southern United States. Although this moth has a wide distribution pest of many crop plants including sugarcane, corn, sorghum rice, it one species. objective was to investigate whether more than introduction D. saccharalis had occurred States any cryptic were present. We field collected Texas, Louisiana Florida Two molecular markers, AFLPs mitochondrial...

Abstract In 2013, an outbreak of M elanaphis sacchari Z ehntner ( H emiptera: A phididae) was reported in sorghum Texas, USA . Although this aphid has been the continental for nearly a century, its occurrence limited to Florida and Louisiana sugarcane. After 2013 within just 3 years almost all growing regions from south central southeastern states Sorghum fields affected areas have sustained considerable losses. This also on Johnsongrass other feral grasses. The speed at which spread raises...

Abstract Corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis DeLong & Wolcott (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a specialist herbivore on the genus Zea (Poaceae). The genera and evolved in central Mexico. We sought to determine whether population genetic structuring prevalent corn leafhoppers inhabiting three of its host plants: (1) highland species perennial teosinte ( diploperennis Iltis, Doebley Guzman), (2) mid‐ lowland‐species Balsas mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis Doebley), (3) ubiquitous domesticated maize...

Host-associated differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically divergent host-associated sub-populations. Evidence HAD has been reported for multiple insect herbivores to date, but published studies testing more than one herbivore any given host-plant species pair limited on goldenrods. This limits number pair-wise comparisons that can be made about life-history traits might facilitate or inhibit host-race development in general. Two previously proposed include endophagy and...

Abstract Host‐associated differentiation (HAD) is the occurrence of genetically distinct, host‐associated lineages. Most cases HAD in phytophagous insects have been documented specialist inhabiting feral ecosystems or generalist parthenogens agroecosystems. Herein we report cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a native, generalist, non‐parthenogenetic insect feeding on native wild hosts [horsemint, Monarda punctata L. (Lamiaceae) and woolly croton,...

Stink bugs are the primary arthropod soybean pests in southern United States. Historically, important stink bug species damaging soybeans States included green Nezara viridula (L.), Chinavia hilaris (Say), and brown Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The redbanded bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), has recently become an economic pest of region States, especially Louisiana Texas. Little is known about current composition relative abundance Texan agro-ecosystems. To fill...

Investigating how crop domestication and early farming mediated attributes, distributions, interactions with antagonists may shed light on today's agricultural pest problems. Crop generally involved artificial selection for traits desirable to farmers, example, increased productivity or yield, enhanced qualities, though invariably it altered the between crops insects, expanded geographical ranges of crops. Thus, some studies suggest that spread, insect populations wild ancestors gave rise...

Ticks display a distinct type of host-seeking behaviour called questing. It has been proposed that the questing Ixodes scapularis explains geographic variation in Lyme disease (LD) risk eastern USA because northern population shown to quest more often than southern population. The height at which occurs is variable and this study aimed characterize for I. scapularis. were collected from state (i.e. Maryland Texas) bioassays conducted. We report nymphs Texas quested lower heights compared...

Abstract Molecular markers are frequently used to study genetic variation among individuals within or between populations. Differences in marker banding patterns can be verify if do, do not, represent distinct groups Only 2005, more than 500 studies molecular group clusters. Such make use of an arbitrary number from each presumed genotypes. However, the greater variation, likely a larger and will needed capture population's signature. The numbers both, included thus affect way which...

Insect herbivores may undergo genetic divergence on their host plants through host-associated differentiation (HAD). Much of what we know about HAD involves insect species with narrow ranges (i.e., specialists) that spend part or all life cycle inside hosts, and/or reproduce asexually (e.g., parthenogenetic insects), which are thought to facilitate HAD. However, sexually reproducing polyphagous insects can also exhibit Few have been tested for HAD, and when they from only a handful potential...