Probiotics are a promising intervention for modulating the microbiome and immune system, promoting health benefits in cattle. While studies have characterized calf lung bacterial profile with without oral probiotics, simultaneous probiotic effects on populations of multiple sites along respiratory tract not been characterized. This study utilized same pre-weaning diary group from our previous to characterize present nostril tonsil across control treatment groups nine sampling time points....

After the 2004 discovery of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Q biotype in United States, there was a vital need to determine geographical and host distribution as well its interaction with resident B because innate ability rapidly develop high-level insecticide resistance that persists absence exposure. As part coordinated country-wide effort, an extensive survey B. biotypes conducted North America, cooperation growers, industry, local, state, federal agencies, monitor...

Mannheimia haemolytica typically resides in cattle as a commensal member of the upper respiratory tract microbiome. However, some strains can invade their lungs and cause disease death, including those with multi-drug resistance. A nucleotide polymorphism typing system was developed for M. from genome sequences 1133 North American isolates, used to identify genetic differences between isolates without clinical signs disease.A total 26,081 polymorphisms were characterized after quality...

Invasive arthropods pose unique management challenges in various environments, the first of which is correct identification. This apparently mundane task particularly difficult if multiple species are morphologically indistinguishable but accurate identification can be determined with DNA barcoding provided an adequate reference set available. Scirtothrips dorsalis a highly polyphagous plant pest rapidly expanding global distribution and this species, as currently recognized, may comprised...

Multipartite mitochondrial genomes are very rare in animals but have been found previously two insect orders with highly rearranged genomes, the Phthiraptera (parasitic lice), and Psocoptera (booklice/barklice). We provide first report of a multipartite genome architecture third order genomes: Thysanoptera (thrips). sequenced complete divergent members Scirtothrips dorsalis cryptic species complex. The East Asia 1 has single circular chromosome common to while South consisting chromosomes....

Abstract We hypothesized cattle that differed in BW gain had different digestive tract microbiota. Two experiments were conducted. In both experiments, steers received a diet consisted of 8.0% chopped alfalfa hay, 20% wet distillers grain with solubles, 67.75% dry-rolled corn, and 4.25% vitamin/mineral mix (including monensin) on dry matter basis. Steers ad libitum access to feed water. experiment 1, 144 (age = 310 ± 1.5 d; 503 37.2 kg) individually fed for 105 d. Ruminal digesta samples...

Moraxella bovoculi is a recently described bacterium that associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or "pinkeye" in cattle. In this study, closed circularized genomes were generated for seven M. isolates: three originated from the eyes of clinical IBK cases and four deep nasopharynx asymptomatic Isolates profoundly differed those cattle genome structure, gene content polymorphism diversity consequently placed into two distinct phylogenetic groups. These results suggest...

Introduction Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of gut. Recent data also supported a gut–lung axis regarding bacterial populations (microbiomes) two locations; however, little research has performed to determine effects oral probiotics microbiome bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes lung as measured lavage fluid. Our overall goal was characterize lungs calves fed milk replacer dry...

Several new whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species have become established in Florida the past decade. Three of these, fig (FW), rugose spiraling (RSW), and Bondar's nesting (BNW), caused noticeable damage to residential plants landscape including ficus hedges, palms, bird paradise. Whiteflies are difficult identify 4th instar nymphs needed for morphological identification making whiteflies good candidates via DNA barcoding. A barcoding cocktail amplify 5′ end coxI mitochondrial gene from...

Host-associated differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically divergent host-associated sub-populations. Evidence HAD has been reported for multiple insect herbivores to date, but published studies testing more than one herbivore any given host-plant species pair limited on goldenrods. This limits number pair-wise comparisons that can be made about life-history traits might facilitate or inhibit host-race development in general. Two previously proposed include endophagy and...

The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) cryptic species complex of whiteßies contains two species, MEAM1 and MED, that are highly invasive in supportive climates the world over.In United States, occurs both Þeld greenhouse, but MED is only found greenhouse.To make inferences about population structure origin recent spread within 987 340 were genotyped at six seven microsatellite loci, respectively, for genetic analyses.Major results study 1) exhibits more differentiation than...

Moraxella bovoculi is frequently cultured from the ocular secretions and conjunctiva of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Previous work has shown that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity in this species quite high 81,284 SNPs identified eight genomes representing two distinct genotypes isolated IBK affected eyes (genotype 1) nasopharynx without clinical signs 2), respectively. The goals study were to identify a collection geographically diverse...

The last 2 decades have produced a better understanding of insect-microbial associations and yielded some important opportunities for insect control. However, most our knowledge comes from model systems. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) been understudied despite their global importance as invasive species, plant pests disease vectors. Using culture primer independent next-generation sequencing metagenomics pipeline, we surveyed the bacteria globally pest, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. abundant...

Moraxella bovis and bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. (genotypes 1 2) differ in their gene content potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry complete assortment known factors. The goals this study were determine the population structure...

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is one of the most damaging pests potatoes worldwide. Although tuberworm was recorded in California as early 1856, it first reported numbers Oregon and Washington 2000s. objective this study to provide baseline information on population structure United States. Potato adults were collected from fields major production regions Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) used determine genetic tuberworm. We 219 individuals 335...

Abstract Host‐associated differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically distinct host‐associated populations. One genotypic signatures HAD that populations exhibit stronger by host‐plant species than geographic isolation. HAD, as a mechanism promoting ecological speciation, has been invoked to explain phytophagous insect diversity. Two traits proposed promote are endophagy and parthenogenesis. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), we tested for presence in pecan leaf...

Moraxella bovoculi is the most frequently isolated bacteria from eyes of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as bovine pinkeye. Two distinct genotypes M. bovoculi, genotype 1 and 2, were characterized after whole genome sequencing showed a large degree single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity within species. To date, both have been without clinical signs IBK while only strains IBK. We used 38 26 2 to assess ability matrix-assisted laser...

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an economically significant disease caused by Moraxella bovis. bovoculi, although not reported to cause IBK, has been isolated from the eyes of cattle diagnosed with IBK. Identification M. bovis and bovoculi can be performed using biochemical or DNA-based approaches, both which may time consuming inconsistent between laboratories. We conducted a comparative evaluation identification matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight...

Abstract Background Mannheimia haemolytica strains isolated from North American cattle have been classified into two genotypes (1 and 2). Although members of both the upper lower respiratory tracts with or without bovine disease (BRD), genotype 2 are much more frequently diseased lungs than 1 strains. The mechanisms behind increased association M. BRD not fully understood. To address that, to search for interventions against , complete, closed chromosome assemblies 35 34 were generated...

Sequential radiation occurs when novel biodiversity at low trophic levels 'cascades' up to high generating further biodiversity. When putatively generalist herbivore species comprise host-plant specialized populations, sequential can be tested for their parasites and predators. We in Aphelinus perpallidus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid wasp of the yellow pecan aphid, Monelliopsis pecanis Bissel (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae). This aphid has been shown consist least two...

Abstract Host‐associated differentiation ( HAD ) is the formation of genetically distinct, host‐associated populations created and maintained by ecologically mediated reproductive isolation. potentially accounts for species origins in parasites, including herbivorous insects. Although case studies testing occurrence are accumulating, it still unclear how common which specific ecological traits explain its occurrence. To address these issues, needed that include negative results (i.e.,...

Understanding the dynamics of stress-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) across meat production and processing continuum is important for tracking sources such microbes devising effective modes control. The Locus Heat Resistance (LHR) a ∼14–19 Kb genetic element imparting extreme heat resistance (XHR) in Enterobacteriaceae. It has been hypothesized that thermal antimicrobial interventions applied during may select LHR+ E. coli. Thus, our goal was to study prevalence molecular biology among...

The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCO1) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) are among most widely used molecular markers for insect taxonomic characterization. Three economically important species of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis were selected to examine extent intragenomic variation within these two marker regions in family Thripidae, determine if this would affect utility thrips diagnostics. For each species,...

There are 2 major invasive cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) complex in Florida, called MEAM1 or biotype B, and MED Q. We used loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA to detect these groups. Primer sets developed in-house those previously published were compared for specificity target by measuring time-to-amplification non-target templates using real-time PCR. All primer designed mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Our findings indicate...

Abstract Certain strains of Escherichia coli possess and express the toxin colibactin (Clb) which induces host mutations identical to signature colorectal cancer (CRC) that lead tumorigenic lesions. Since cattle are a known reservoir several Enterobacteriaceae including E. , this study screened for clb amongst isolated from colons cattle-at-harvest (entering beef processing facility; n = 1430), across continuum (feedlot finished subprimal beef; 232), in ground (n 1074). Results demonstrated...