Probiotics are a promising intervention for modulating the microbiome and immune system, promoting health benefits in cattle. While studies have characterized calf lung bacterial profile with without oral probiotics, simultaneous probiotic effects on populations of multiple sites along respiratory tract not been characterized. This study utilized same pre-weaning diary group from our previous to characterize present nostril tonsil across control treatment groups nine sampling time points....

The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and regional brain distribution of polyphenols from apple-grape seed extract (AGSE) mixture bilberry were studied after 3 weeks dosing in weanling pigs.Weanling piglets treated for with extracts or extracts, using a physiological (27.5 mg/kg) supplement (82.5 dose. A 24-h pharmacokinetic study was conducted tissue harvested. Major flavan-3-ol flavonol metabolites including catechin-O-β-glucuronide, epicatechin-O-β-glucuronide,...

Postmortem findings in 241 equids admitted to a teaching hospital that were at least 15 years old autopsy reviewed (1) determine disease prevalence, (2) compare the cause of death (or euthanasia) 19 age (n = 116) with ≥20 125), and (3) catalog coexisting lesions pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Breed sex evenly distributed between groups. Death or euthanasia was attributed digestive system (41.5%), gland (12.9%), locomotor (10.0%), nervous (7.9%), cardiovascular (4.6%), urinary...

Introduction Probiotics have been investigated for their many health benefits and impact on the microbiota of gut. Recent data also supported a gut–lung axis regarding bacterial populations (microbiomes) two locations; however, little research has performed to determine effects oral probiotics microbiome bovine respiratory tract. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would result in changes lung as measured lavage fluid. Our overall goal was characterize lungs calves fed milk replacer dry...

In metabolically stable horses, alpha-2-agonists suppress insulin secretion with transient hyperglycemia and rebound hyperinsulinemia. horses dysregulation (ID), the effect of has not been investigated; however, both alpha-2-agonist-induced suppression hyperinsulinemia could have clinical relevance.In ID, will alter glucose dynamics.Seven ID 7 control horses.In this randomized crossover study, xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg) or detomidine (30 μg/kg) were administered IV, blood was...

Anemia associated with intestinal parasites and malnutrition is the leading cause of morbidity mortality in small ruminants worldwide. Qualitative scoring conjunctival redness has been developed so that farmers can gauge anemia sheep goats to identify animals require treatment. For clinically relevant diagnosis, complete blood count-comparable quantitative methods often rely on complicated expensive optical instruments, requiring detailed spectral information hemoglobin. We report...

Background Information pertaining to clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal New World camelids ( NWC ) is limited when compared calves foals. Hypothesis Values variables at admission subsequent treatment would predict survival in sick . Animals Fifty‐six client‐owned presented over a 10‐year period the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Methods A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria were less than 30 days age with complete medical records that between...

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of “ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae,” an endemic red-cell pathogen camelids. The single, circular chromosome has 756,845 bp, a 39.3% G+C content, and 925 coding sequences (CDSs). A great proportion (49.1%) these CDSs are organized into paralogous gene families, which can now be further explored with regard to antigenic variation.

To investigate the effect of high doses orally administered levothyroxine sodium (LT4) on serum concentrations triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in euthyroid horses.12 healthy adult horses.10 horses initially received water (vehicle) or 240 mg (5X treatment) 480 (10× LT4, blood samples were collected at baseline (0 hours) 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours after treatment to measure T3 T4 concentrations. Three then LT4 for 14 days, concentration was measured...

To develop and assess the short-term feasibility, maintenance, complications associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement in standing horses. 6 adult Feasibility of technique was evaluated 2 In each 4 other horses, a PEG maintained for 14 days used to provide fluid requirements during latter 7 days, before removal. Following air inflation stomach, placed via left intercostal approach; proper location ascertained by ultrasonography gastroscopy. The horses underwent...

Abstract Background It is important to determine if a horse shedding Salmonella spp., but complete culture series can be cost prohibitive. Objectives Determine the optimal pooling technique maintain high sensitivity of spp. using spiked samples, and then demonstrate efficacy this protocol on clinical submissions. Hypothesis Pooled fecal samples are as sensitive 5 individual cultures for detection shedding. Animals A single ‐negative from university herd, 19 hospitalized horses. Methods ‐free...

Probiotics have been investigated for many health benefits; however, few studies performed to determine the effects of oral probiotics on peripheral blood and respiratory immune cells in cattle. Our objectives were changes growth status, differential cell counts function, lung function using flow cytometry PCR dairy calves fed a milk replacer with (PRO, N = 10) or without (CON, addition dry rations from birth weaning. Performance clinical scores not different between treatment groups....

Abstract Background The use of thyroid supplement is pervasive in athletic horses although its effects on measures performance are not known. Objectives One purpose this study was to determine whether supra‐physiologic doses levothyroxine affect the velocities at which blood lactate greater than 4 mmol/L (V La4 ) and heart rate over 150 200 beats per minute respectively. Additionally, a survey post‐race samples also conducted high thyroxine concentrations were common racehorses. Study design...

Abstract OBJECTIVE Pergolide, labeled for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, is 90% protein bound and might cause a decrease in blood thyroid hormone concentrations by displacing them from binding proteins. This study investigated effect pergolide on equine function. METHODS was an analytic, observational, cohort study. Six horses (17 to 24 years old 530 599 kg) received 1 mg mesylate orally once day days 6. Total T 4 (tT ) measured daily 0 11 (before, during, after...

To assess the bioavailability and brain accretion of dietary polyphenols, pigs (14 ± .5 lb) were divided into 5 groups (n=8/group) control (water), low (27.5 mg/kg) or high (82.5 concentration bilberry extract apple/grape seed (A/GSE). Polyphenol ingredients delivered once a day. After 3 weeks, plasma 24h pharmacokinetic study was conducted. Blood regions (stem, cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus amygdala) harvested 24 h later analyzed for key polyphenol metabolites from...

Mammary carcinoma is rare in cattle with only a handful of cases found the literature, and none have reported an associated hypercalcemia. An 8-year-old Holstein-Friesian heifer was presented to Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital's Large Animal Hospital 3-month history lethargy. Laboratory abnormalities included ionized hypercalcemia hypophosphatemia (2.28 mmol/L 1.8 mg/dL, respectively). Physical examination revealed mammary mass that cytologically described as suspected...

To determine the number and species of animals cared for by PetSafe program at Purdue University College Veterinary Medicine (a community service offered to meet short-term housing needs pets, especially pets owned victims intimate partner violence) from 2004 through 2019 collect information on duration stay, outcome, health problems, expenses.229 program.Medical records were reviewed species, breed, age, outcome client referral source, whether animal had been previously, medical...