The effect of cytokines on astrocytes cultured from mature bovine brain was determined both in a serum-containing medium and chemically-defined medium. results showed that serum-free medium, human TNF and, to lesser degree, IL-6 lymphotoxin, were mitogenic for astrocytes. Increased uptake [3H]thymidine could be detected within 36 h vitro its presence confirmed by autoradiography. In contrast, neither IL-1 alpha nor beta induced astrocyte proliferation but some synergistic with serum after 72...

Abstract The cytotoxic effect of recombinant human cytokines was tested on glial cells cultured from mature bovine brain. Lymphotoxin (LT) and TNF induced injury to oligodendrocytes in a time dose-dependent fashion. other tested, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-2, did not affect culture over 72-h observation period. None the injured astrocytes same source. LT showed much more potent cytotoxicity than toward oligodendrocytes; changes were noted earlier (24 h) at lower units activity. Morphologic studies...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTExistence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Implications for Its Environmental Transmission Developing CommunitiesMuhammad Usman*Muhammad UsmanPEIE Research Chair the Development Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center Studies Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman*(M.U.) Email: [email protected]More by Muhammad Usmanhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-1333, FarooqMuhammad FarooqDepartment Clinical Sciences, College Veterinary...

Abstract: The results of recent immunocytochemical experiments suggest that glutamine synthetase (GS) in the rat CNS may not be confined to astrocytes. In present study, GS activity was assayed oligodendrocytes isolated from bovine brain and oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons forebrain, were compared with new immunochemical data. Among cells brain, astrocytes had highest specific activities GS, followed by oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes white matter almost fivefold higher than those...

Abstract Our previously published method for isolation of neurons with extensive processes (F arooq et al. , 1977) has been modified to permit the both astrocyte‐ and neuron‐enriched fractions. Rat cerebral tissue is incubated acetylated trypsin disrupted. The cell suspension separated first by differential centrifugation then gradient on discontinuous Ficoll gradients. reproducible applicable equally well immature adult animals. yield astrocytes 57% particle purity, higher weight 4–7 × 10 6...

Abstract Cell death of hepatocytes is a prominent characteristic in the pathogenesis liver disease, while hepatolysis starting point inflammation hepatitis and loss hepatic function. However, precise molecular mechanisms hepatocyte cell death, role cytokines microenvironment involvement intracellular kinases, remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) key cytokine involved or survival pathways RIPK1 has been associated to TNF -α -dependent signaling pathway. We took advantage two...

Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glia of brain, are connected by gap junctions in situ and culture. Cultured oligodendrocytes from adult bovine porcine brains were studied using immunocytochemical, molecular, electrophysiological techniques order to characterize junction types. The expression connexin32 was substantiated detection low, but significant, signals connexin-specific probes Northern Western blot analyses. Connexin43, which comprises astrocytes, not detectable pure...

Abstract Previous results from this laboratory have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is mitogenic for bovine astrocytes in chemically defined (CO) medium. The maximum response was detected with 200 U/ml at 48 h. We now extended these studies to assess the effect of TNF on message levels intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. that, whereas had only a slight vimentin mRNA, induced marked decrease 4.3 ± 2.0% controls GFAP mRNA which both time...

Abstract: A method for the isolation of oligodendroglia from undissected rat forebrain is described. The has been applied to brains 10‐, 30‐ and 60‐day‐old rats. procedure uses a balanced salt solution at pH 7.2 throughout. Tissue briefly exposed trypsin DNase dissociated cells are purified on discontinuous sucrose gradient. isolates were composed 90% phase‐bright rounded having diameters after fixation 7‐12 μm. contamination was primarily by red blood phase‐dark nuclei. Neurons astroglia...

Highlights•Predator odor stress increases GluA2 expression in cerebellar MLIs•Co-activation of β and α1-adrenergic receptors mediates the stress-induced change•AC5-PKA-CREB pathway drives plasticity•AC5 controls enhancement fear memory following an exposure to stressSummaryStress can alter behavior contributes psychiatric disorders by regulating AMPA receptor subunit. We have previously shown mice that predator elevates transcription molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), MLI activity is...

ABSTRACT Variation in nutritional profile and availability of high‐quality forages remain primary challenges for efficient heifer rearing on a forage‐based diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect limit feeding forage‐free diet growth performance, feed efficiency, blood metabolites, behavior, health, mammary parenchyma prepubertal dairy heifers. Sixteen heifers (Body weight = 168 ± 32Kg) divided into 8 pens (2 heifers/pen) were used completely randomized design ( n 4 pen/treatment)...

Background:Manually inserting the intravenous line proves challenging for healthcare professionals due to high rate of failed attempts and poor patient comfort. Studies suggest that warm compress treatment enhances vein visibility during medical procedures through blood vessel expansion, but specific confirmations from randomized controlled trials are still needed.Aim: This study aimed evaluate effectiveness compresses compared standard IV cannulation techniques in improving first-attempt...

ABSTRACT The Poisson distribution is often employed to model count data, but it may not accurately represent a dataset with frequent occurrences of zero counts. This limitation arises in high‐quality processes where the production nonconforming items minimal. To address this issue, modified forms existing distributions such as zero‐inflated geometric (ZIG) distributions, (ZIP), and negative binomial (ZINB) have been developed more capture (ZI) data. Control charts under ZIP are effective for...

We have previously shown that enriched preparations of oligodendrocytes from either mature bovine brain or 30-d-old rat brain, when cultured in serum-free medium, yield mixed cultures and astrocytes even though no GFAP+ cells were present after 24 hr culture (Norton et al., 1986, 1988). To test the possibility these arose glial precursor cells, we followed expression ganglioside GD3, galactosylceramide (GC), fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin cultures. GD3 has already been to be a...

Abstract: The activities of three myelin‐associated enzymes, carbonic anhydrase, 5′‐nucleotidase, and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide‐3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP), were measured in oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes isolated from the brains rats 10, 20, 60, 120 days old. anhydrase specific activity oligodendrocytes was three‐ to fivefold higher than that brain homogenates at each age, and, all ages, low this enzyme neurons astrocytes. ages had membrane‐bound 5′‐nucleotidase observed neurons. In 10‐...

Abstract: A new class of procedures, previously shown to permit the isolation pure oligodendroglia from whole rat cerebrum, has been applied with equal or greater success for bulk this cell type bovine white matter. Thus, generality approach demonstrated. The preparations have a purity >90% intact, phase‐bright and are obtained in yield 8 × 10 6 cells per gram Within 1 day it is possible obtain preparation containing 60 mg protein single type. These show higher degree ultrastructural...

Abstract The protein kinase RIPK1 plays a crucial role at the crossroad of stress-induced signaling pathways that affects cell’s decision to live or die. present study aimed define in hepatocytes during fulminant viral hepatitis, worldwide syndrome mainly observed hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients. Mice deficient for RIPK1, specifically liver parenchymal cells ( Ripk1 LPC-KO ) and their wild-type littermates fl/fl ), were challenged by either murine type 3 (MHV3) poly I:C, synthetic...