The effects of adenosine, the Ri site adenosine receptor agonist (-)-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), Ra 5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA) and P 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (DIDA) on force contraction, cyclic AMP (cAMP) GMP (cGMP) content transmembrane action potential were studied in isolated electrically driven left auricles papillary muscles from guinea pigs. Furthermore, adenylate cyclase activity a particulate membrane preparation investigated. In auricles, PIA NECA had negative...

In this article, we stress that class plays an important role in life choices, lifestyles and access to valuable resources it thus also matters for adolescent sport participation. However, as structures of social inequalities have become more complex cultures diversified, multidimensional intersectional approaches are needed uncover discuss patterns different settings Based on a nationally representative panel study from Germany (the GSOEP), the therefore, explores which class-based factors...

It is time to take on the challenge of investigating complex effect fluctuating female hormones injury risk as this offers a chance improve athletes' health and performance. During recent decade, body knowledge has largely been increased. New insights have offered regarding association certain phases menstrual cycle prevalence well relationships between hormone levels musculoskeletal changes such as, for example, ligamentous stiffness knee laxity. However, current research often follows...

After the long summer of migration, strong social and political movements solidarity with resistance against refugees developed in Europe. Expressions were also recognisable sport system, especially voluntary clubs (VSCs). As a result this observation, following article addresses question: “Which organisational conditions VSCs promote or hinder implementation activities for refugees?” To aim, analyses discusses results three research projects concerning offers Germany. The interview material...

Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die deutsche Gesellschaft als eine geschichtete beschrieben werden kann, verfolgt vorliegende Beitrag das Ziel, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu schichtspezifischen Einfärbungen Sportengagements Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland beschreiben reflektieren. Dabei zeigt sich, einem Teil vorliegenden Publikationen auf Darlegung theoretischer Annahmen verzichtet wird gewählten Methoden zur Datenerfassung -auswertung wie auch Komplexität...

Racist stacking is a phenomenon in team sports which Black players are underrepresented tactical and leading positions, while they overrepresented decentralized physical positions. In this article, we propose that racist type of institutional racism characterized by ascriptions incorporated the daily routines sport institutions. We explored whether happens soccer Germany based on these assumptions. The results an examination 36 teams male divisions first second Bundesliga 2020/2021 season...

In view of the current migratory movement refugees to Europe, voluntary sports clubs (VSCs) are often regarded as important drivers in ensuring refugees' participation social life. As interest organisations, VSCs produce their services order satisfy members' interests. This study analyses practices that have developed make accessible refugees. this study, 37 German were selected and analysed indepth using a qualitative research approach. The findings reveal develop unconventional include...

The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC) originally developed in English, assesses the functional status of shoulder elbow overhead athletes. To date, no German version questionnaire exists.The aim study was to translate culturally adapt KJOC into (KJOC-G) test its psychometric properties.The first part consisted a translation cross-cultural adaptation process which performed six stages according international recommendations: Initial translations, synthesis, back...

Empirical studies show that first- and second-generation immigrants are less likely to be members of sports clubs than their non-immigrant peers. Common explanations cultural differences socioeconomic disadvantages. However, lower participation rates in amateur sport could at least partly due ethnic discrimination. Are minority groups granted the same right belong as peers? To answer this question, paper uses publicly available data from a field experiment which mock applications were sent...

The article explores how sport-related research contributes to the construction and reproduction of immigrants their descendants as 'Others'. This process, referred 'Othering' in this paper, is be understood a hegemonic act ascribing otherness social groups, marking them being essentially different, generalising these alleged differences transferring into inferiority. paper elaborates on process Othering theoretically empirically. Qualitative content analysis German-language academic...