Objectives. Histological examination of pathological tendon generally does not reveal signs inflammation. However, the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to be expressed in ruptured rotator cuff tendon. The aim this study was investigate expression family members painful posterior tibialis (PTT) and Achilles (AT) compared with normal

Repetitive strain or ‘overuse’ is thought to be a major factor contributing the development of tendinopathy. The aims our study were develop novel cyclic loading system, and use it investigate effect defined conditions on mechanical properties gene expression isolated tendon fascicles. Tendon fascicles dissected from bovine‐foot extensors subjected tensile (1 Hz ) at 30% 60% failure, for 0 h (control), 15 min, 30 1 h, 5 h. Post loading, quasi‐static test failure assessed damage. Gene...

Stress, strain and modulus are regularly used to characterize material properties of tissue samples. However, when comparing results from different studies it is evident the reported properties, particularly failure strains, vary hugely. The aim our study was how why specimen length cross-sectional area (CSA) appear influence stress, in fascicles two functionally tendons. Fascicles were dissected five rat tails bovine foot extensors, their diameters determined by a laser micrometer, loaded...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability ultrasonography for quantification gastrocnemius muscle architecture in healthy young children. variation and reliability measurement thickness, pennation angle fibre length medial were determined, using stationary portable ultrasound machines, 13 boys eight girls aged 4-10. Ultrasound images obtained from each leg, duplicate, with ankle at 90 degrees , then maximal plantar flexion, two machines within same session. set 16 scans repeated...

Cyclic and static loading regimes are commonly used to study tenocyte metabolism in vitro improve our understanding of exercise-associated tendon pathologies. The aims were investigate if cyclic stress relaxation affected the mechanical properties fascicles differently, this effect was reversible after a recovery period, removal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) sample recovery. Tendon dissected frombovine-foot extensors subjected 14% (1 Hz) or tensile strain for 30 min. Additional incubated...

Tendinopathies are a range of diseases characterised by degeneration and chronic tendon pain represent significant cause morbidity. Relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms; however onset often associated with physical activity. A number molecular changes have been documented in tendinopathy such as decrease overall collagen content, increased extracellular matrix turnover protease Metalloproteinases involved homeostasis expression regulated mechanical strain. The aims this...

Abstract Background In light of the aging population, increasingly suffering from metabolic syndrome (MS), strategies need to be developed address global public health challenges known associated with MS such as arthritis. As physical activity (PA) may play a crucial role in tackling those challenges, this study aimed determine association between number risk factors, PA and arthritis people ≥ 50 years old. Methods Data Survey Health, Ageing, Retirement Europe (SHARE) were used estimate...

Abstract Objective The arthritis burden increases with aging, while blood glucose, lipid profiles and inflammatory markers may affect the development of arthritis. This study aims to determine associations between rheumatoid (RA) osteoarthritis (OA) for better management. Method Data from 6th 9th wave Survey Health, Ageing, Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used. Logistic regression Cox proportional hazards models used examine Generalized additive restricted cubic splines (RCS) employed...

Compared with muscle or bone, there is a lack of information about the relationship between tendon adaptation and applied loading characteristic. The purpose present study was to analyze effect different exercise modes characterized by very distinct patterns on mechanical, morphological, biochemical properties Achilles tendon. Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: nonactive age-matched control (AMC; n = 20), voluntary wheel running (RT; vibration...

The black-and-white patterning of tendon fascicles when visualized by light microscopy, also known as crimp, is a well-known feature fiber-forming collagens. However, not much about its development, function and response to strain. objective this study investigate the interaction tenocyte crimp morphology well their changes with increasing age acute In contrast previous studies, which used indirect measures, such polarized light, structure, visualizes internal structure in three dimensions...

Most overuse tendinopathies are thought to be associated with repeated microstrain below the failure threshold, analogous fatigue that affects materials placed under repetitive loading. Investigating progression of damage within tendons is therefore critical importance. There obvious challenges sourcing human tendon samples for in vitro analysis so animal models regularly adopted. However, data indicates life varies significantly between different species and stresses life. Positional such...

The aims of this study were to characterize the pattern voluntary activity young rats in response resistance loading on running wheels and determine effects growth six limb skeletal muscles. Male Sprague-Dawley (4 weeks old) housed individually with a wheel (R-RUN, n = 7) or conventional free-spinning (F-RUN, 6) without wheel, as non-running control animals (CON, 6). torque required move R-RUN group was progressively increased, (velocity, distance duration each bout) two groups recorded...

Assuming that the mechanisms inducing adaptation in healthy tendons yield similar responses tendinopathic tendons, we hypothesized a high-loading exercise protocol increases tendon stiffness and cross-sectional area male Achilles may also induce comparable beneficial adaptations addition to improving pain function.We investigated effectiveness of tendinopathy terms mechanical (tendon stiffness, maximum strain), material (Young's modulus), morphological (CSA)), voluntary isometric plantar...

It is time to take on the challenge of investigating complex effect fluctuating female hormones injury risk as this offers a chance improve athletes' health and performance. During recent decade, body knowledge has largely been increased. New insights have offered regarding association certain phases menstrual cycle prevalence well relationships between hormone levels musculoskeletal changes such as, for example, ligamentous stiffness knee laxity. However, current research often follows...

Abstract Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (Btx‐A) and exercise are used in the treatment muscle spasticity children with cerebral palsy. However, little is known about biological changes within subsequent to Btx‐A‐induced paralysis how combination Btx‐A might affect growing muscle. The wet mass, myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, titin content juvenile rat gastrocnemius were determined 3 weeks after voluntary wheel‐running exercise. increased proportion type IIa (+121%) IIx...

Intramuscular injections of the paralytic botulinum neurotoxin A (Btx) and physical exercise are used in treatment chronic spasticity children with cerebral palsy. We tested whether Btx-induced paralysis and/or training would have differential effects on expression mechanosensing signalling genes implicated adaptive remodelling skeletal muscle. Juvenile (29-day-old) male rats were injected Btx or saline (NoBtx) into right gastrocnemius housed standard cages (NoEx) running wheels (Ex), for 3...

Abstract Introduction It has yet to be explained why female athletes appear suffer more often from non‐contact ligament injuries during the first half of menstrual cycle. Fluctuations in balance, caused by impaired proprioception due increased fluid retention, may relevant factors contributing this anomaly distribution. The aim study was therefore uncover relationships between dynamic stability, and retention association with cycle as a possible explanation for observed changes injury rates....

Background: The high prevalence of injuries in female athletes necessitates a course action that not only enhances research this field but also incorporates improved prevention programs and regular health monitoring highly stressed structures such as tendons muscles. Since myometry is already used by coaches physiotherapists, it important to investigate whether tissue stiffness varies different types sports, measures are affected an acute training session. Methods: Myometric measurements the...