OBJECTIVES--To analyse the collagen composition of normal adult human supraspinatus tendon and to compare with: (1) a flexor (the common biceps tendon) which is rarely involved in any degenerative pathology; (2) degenerate tendons from patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinitis. METHODS--Total content, solubility type were investigated by hydroxyproline analysis, acetic acid pepsin digestion, cyanogen bromide peptide SDS-PAGE Western blotting. RESULTS--The content cadaver (n = 60) was...

Abstract Objective To profile the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for 23 known genes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 19 ADAMTS, 4 tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and ADAM 8, 10, 12, 17 in normal, painful, ruptured Achilles tendons. Methods Tendon samples were obtained from cadavers or patients undergoing surgical procedures to treat chronic painful tendinopathy tendon. Total was extracted mRNA analyzed by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, normalized 18S...

OBJECTIVES--To analyse the glycosaminoglycans of adult human rotator cuff tendon matrix, to characterise changes in glycosaminoglycan composition with age and chronic tendinitis. METHODS--Rotator (supraspinatus) tendons (n = 84) common biceps 26) were obtained from cadavers no history pathology (age range 11-95 years). Biopsies (supraspinatus subscapularis tendons, n 53) during open shoulder surgery repair lesions 38-80 Glycosaminoglycans extracted by papain digestion analysed cellulose...

OBJECTIVES--Rotator cuff tendinitis and lateral epicondylitis are common in clinical practice but the underlying pathology is poorly understood. The study examined both normal biopsy tendon specimens histologically, to determine mechanisms involved degeneration. METHODS--Rotator tendons from 83 cadavers aged 11-94 20 patients with 27-56 years were histologically. RESULTS--The microscopic changes found biopsies elbow similar those cadaveric rotator tendons. Abnormalities ranged minor blood...

Objective To study the interaction of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and oncostatin M (OSM) in promoting cartilage collagen destruction. Methods Bovine, porcine, human chondrocytes were studied culture. The levels collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1 [MMP-1]) tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) measured by bioassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). OSM rheumatoid synovial fluid ELISA. Results When combined with OSM, IL-1α IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α released proteoglycan from...

Tendon injury is common and debilitating, it associated with long-term pain ineffective healing. It estimated to afflict 25% of the adult population often a career-ending disease in athletes racehorses. high morbidity, pain, suffering for patient. Due low cellularity vascularity tendon tissue, once damage has occurred, repair process slow inefficient, resulting mechanically, structurally, functionally inferior tissue. Current treatment options focus on management, being palliative temporary...

While the predominant function of all tendons is to transfer force from muscle bone and position limbs, some additionally as energy stores, reducing cost locomotion. Energy storing experience extremely high strains need be able recoil efficiently for maximum storage return. In equine forelimb, superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) has much higher failure than positional common extensor (CDET). However, we have previously shown that this not due differences in properties SDFT CDET...

Objectives. Histological examination of pathological tendon generally does not reveal signs inflammation. However, the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to be expressed in ruptured rotator cuff tendon. The aim this study was investigate expression family members painful posterior tibialis (PTT) and Achilles (AT) compared with normal

ABSTRACT The role of inflammation in tendon injury is uncertain and a topic current interest. In vitro studies accelerated overload damage can serve as valuable source information on the early stages tendinopathy. Viable fascicle bundles from bovine flexor tendons were subjected to cyclic uniaxial loading 1–10% strain. Immuno‐staining for inflammatory markers matrix degradation was performed samples after mechanical testing. Loaded exhibited visible extracellular damage, with disrupted...

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive treatment for chronic tendinopathies, however little known about the in-vivo biological mechanisms of ESWT.Using microdialysis, we examined real-time response healthy and pathological tendons to ESWT.A single session ESWT was administered mid-portion Achilles tendon in thirteen individuals (aged 25.7 ± 7.0 years) patellar or six patients with tendinopathies 39.0 14.9 years).Dialysate samples from surrounding peri-tendon were collected...

Objectives. To determine the expression of mRNA encoding proteoglycans aggrecan, versican, biglycan and decorin in mid-tendon samples chronic painful Achilles tendinopathy ruptured tendons, compared with normal tendons. Methods. Total RNA isolated from frozen tendon (14 normal, 13 painful, 14 ruptured) was assayed by relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for mRNA, normalized using 18S rRNA. Differences between sample groups were tested univariate analysis...

To investigate age related and site specific variations in turnover chemistry of the collagen network healthy tendons as well role remodelling degeneration supraspinatus tendon (ST-D) rotator cuff tendinitis.Collagen content amount hydroxylysine (Hyl), hydroxy-lysylpyridinoline (HP), lysylpyridinoline (LP), degree non-enzymatic glycation (pentosidine) were investigated ST-D normal human (ST-N) biceps brachii (BT-N) by high-performance liquid chromatography.In BT-N, that served control tissue...

Chronic, painful conditions affecting tendons, frequently known as tendinopathy, are very common types of sporting injury. The tendon extracellular matrix is substantially altered in and these changes thought to precede underlie the clinical condition. cell response repeated minor injuries or "overuse" be a major factor development tendinopathy. Changes turnover may also effected by cellular physical load, altering balance changing structure composition tendon. Matrix relatively high tendons...

Repetitive strain or ‘overuse’ is thought to be a major factor contributing the development of tendinopathy. The aims our study were develop novel cyclic loading system, and use it investigate effect defined conditions on mechanical properties gene expression isolated tendon fascicles. Tendon fascicles dissected from bovine‐foot extensors subjected tensile (1 Hz ) at 30% 60% failure, for 0 h (control), 15 min, 30 1 h, 5 h. Post loading, quasi‐static test failure assessed damage. Gene...

Tendon injury is thought to involve both damage accumulation within the matrix and an accompanying cell response. While several studies have characterized response in chronically injured tendons, few assessed initial of tendon overload‐induced damage. In this study, we cyclic loading. Fascicle bundles from equine superficial digital flexor were exposed loading vitro , designed mimic a bout high‐intensity exercise. Changes morphology protein‐level alterations markers inflammation degradation...