Globally, pangolins are threatened by poaching and illegal trade. Taiwan presents a contrary situation, where the wild pangolin population has stabilized even begun to increase in last two decades. This paper illustrates factors responsible for causing mortality morbidity Taiwanese (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) based on radio-tracking data of records sick or injured admitted wildlife rehabilitation center. Despite being proficient burrowers, results from show that highly susceptible...

<title>Abstract</title> Background Wildlife rehabilitation is crucial for the recovery of injured endangered species; however, this process can induce significant stress, potentially leading to secondary injuries and complications. This case report details two severely Formosan black bears (<italic>Ursus thibetanus formosanus</italic>) with desensitization techniques as an alternative approach reducing stress while promoting voluntary cooperation during treatment. Case presentation Patient 1...

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is widespread among free-living carnivores, and CPPV-1 infection may directly or indirectly impact on the population of endangered carnivore species. In this study, we used molecular screening viral capsid protein 2 (VP2) from 2015 to 2017, assess prevalence in 9 live-trapped (LT) 17 vehicle collision (VC)-affected leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis). addition, conducted phylogenetic analysis evaluate possible transmission between domestic...

The Canadian prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba have generally reported the highest human incidence West Nile virus (WNV) in Canada. In this study, environmental biotic factors were used to predict numbers Culex tarsalis Coquillett, which is primary mosquito vector WNV region, prevalence infection Cx. prairies. results showed that higher mean temperature elevated time lagged associated with increased rates. However, increasing precipitation was abundance lower rate....

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4c of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD) lineage caused severe global outbreaks in domestic birds from 2014 2015, that also represented first incursions Gs/GD into Taiwan and USA. However, few studies have investigated circulation after 2015. Here, we describe Mexican-like H5N2 were isolated during active surveillance conducted chicken farms February March 2019. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated two...

Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) have raised public concerns recently. Airborne AIV has been evaluated in live poultry markets and case farms; however, no study discussed airborne ambient air the winter habitats migratory birds. Therefore, this aimed to evaluate AIV, specifically H5, H7, H9, a critical habitat birds assess factors influencing transmission provide novel insights into epidemiology influenza. A total 357 samples were collected Aogu Wetland, Taiwan, Republic China,...

West Nile virus (WNV) spread across most of North America within a short time period after its incursion into the Western Hemisphere. The Canadian prairies had highest human incidence WNV disease in Canada, particularly 2007. Statistical modeling and geographic information systems can be used to develop predictive model facilitate mobilization targeted management strategies. Using data collected between 2005 2008, we constructed models integrating abiotic biotic factors predict infection...

8-Prenylkaempferol (8-PK) is a prenylflavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens, Chinese herb with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated its effect on regulated activation, normal T cell expressed secreted (RANTES) secretion by influenza A virus (H1N1)-infected A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Cell inoculation H1N1 evoked significant induction in RANTES accumulation accompanied time-related increase nuclear translocation of factor-κB (NF-κB) interferon...

We used participatory epidemiology (PE) in remote areas to understand the observed distribution and prevalence of infestation by sarcoptic mange mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) on wild Formosan serow (Capricornis swinhoei) Taiwan. A semistructured interview protocol was for 37 interviews during June-December 2008. Serow with skin lesions consistent were reported within a latitudinal range approximately 24°00'N 22°40'N Central Mountain Range The 40-80% seven 19 districts. Clinical signs mainly at...

Entamoeba is a genus of gastrointestinal protozoon that transmitted through contaminated food and water. This commonly found in human nonhuman primates. Contact between humans Formosan rock macaques (Macaca cyclopis) has become more frequent due to provisioning; accordingly, concerns regarding zoonotic pathogen transmission the fecal-oral route have increased. For example, surveillance intestinal parasites wild indicated infection was most prevalent type parasite infection. The morphologies...

The pandemic of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in Asia has caused enormous economic loss poultry industry and human health threat, especially clade 2.3.4.4 H5 H7 subtypes recent years.The endemic chicken H6 virus Taiwan also brought about dog infections.Since wild waterfowls is the major AIV reservoir, it important to monitor diversified wildfowl flocks early stage prevent viral reassortment transmission.To develop a more efficient sensitive approach key issue epidemic control.In this study,...

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlap of wild carnivores free-roaming increases threat transmission between them. This study explored distribution among Taiwan through PCR screening compared partial capsid protein (VP2) gene sequences from domestic In total, 181 samples were collected 32 masked palm civets...

Canine distemper is an acute or subacute, highly contagious, febrile disease that caused by canine virus (CDV). Two CDV-infected wild Taiwan ferret-badgers (Melogale moschata subauantiaca) were found in Kaohsiung County, southern Taiwan, 2005. Each case was confirmed detecting CDV RNA lung and brain tissues. A suspected third detected based on clinical signs histology. These cases are the first record of wildlife infected Taiwan. It believed domestic dogs coexisting carnivores with most...

Abstract Since 2013, a high incidence of bilateral symmetrical alopecia has been observed in free-ranging Formosan macaques ( Macaca cyclopis ) Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. We hypothesized that stress induces this population. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the histopathological characteristics skin biopsy and used validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis, which act as an indicator experienced by individual. Follicular densities were lower...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the reproductive endocrine system in mammals. The GnRH immunocontraception vaccine can aid animal population control and management. We evaluated a recombinant fusion protein with adjuvant MONTANIDE ISA 206 VG as adult male ICR mice by evaluating anti-GnRH antibodies; concentrations of follicle-stimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH), testosterone; testis size histomorphology; semen quality. Response was assessed after intramuscular administration...

Taiwan had been considered rabies free since 1961, until a newly established wildlife disease surveillance program identified virus transmission within the Formosan ferret-badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca) in 2013. Ferret-badgers occur throughout southern China and Southeast Asia, but their ecological niche is not well described.As an initial feasibility assessment for potential control measures, field camera trapping pen of 6 oral vaccine (ORV) baits were conducted 46 nights...

We documented a case of free-living Formosan sambar deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoei) infected with newly discovered ruminant Rhadinovirus (RuRv). Non-purulent encephalitis was the primary histological lesion deer. conducted nested PCR to screen for herpesvirus using generic primers targeting DNA polymerase gene. In addition, we found that gene RuRv present in macrophage distributed Virchow Robin space histopathologic lesions by chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH). The phylogenetic analysis...