Bamman, Marcas M., Mark S. F. Clarke, Daniel L. Feeback, Robert J. Talmadge, Bruce R. Stevens, Steven A. Lieberman, and Michael C. Greenisen. Impact of resistance exercise during bed rest on skeletal muscle sarcopenia myosin isoform distribution. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 157–163, 1998.—Because (REx) bed-rest unloading (BRU) are associated with opposing adaptations, our purpose was to test the efficacy REx against effects 14 days BRU knee-extensor group. Sixteen healthy men were randomly...

Abstract The heart hypertrophies in response to certain forms of increased mechanical load, but it is not understood how, at the molecular level, stimulus load transduced into a cell growth response. One possibility that stress provokes release myocyte-derived autocrine factors. Two such candidate factors, acidic and basic fibroblast factor (aFGF bFGF, respectively), are released via mechanically induced disruptions plasma membrane. In present study, we demonstrate transient, survivable...

Using muscle as an in vivo model system, we have tested the hypothesis that basic fibroblast growth factor is released from a cytoplasmic storage site into extra-cellular environment via diffusion through survivable, mechanically-induced plasma membrane disruptions. Normal and dystrophic (mdx) mouse were studied. Strong immunostaining for bFGF was detected cytoplasm of myofibers uninjured fixed situ by perfusion. By contrast, did not stain cytoplasmically after suffering lethal disruptions...

A three-dimensional (3-D) lung aggregate model was developed from A549 human epithelial cells by using a rotating-wall vessel bioreactor to study the interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cells. The suitability of 3-D aggregates as an infection examined immunohistochemistry, adherence invasion assays, scanning electron microscopy, cytokine mucoglycoprotein production. Immunohistochemical characterization showed increased expression cell-specific markers decreased cancer-specific...

ABSTRACT We describe a simple, efficient, gentle and inexpensive technique for the introduction of normally impermeant macromolecules into cytosol living mammalian cells growing in suspension or attached to culturing substratum. Loading is achieved by production transient, survivable plasma membrane disruptions as are passed back forth through standard syringe needle similar narrow orifice. The loading volume required, which contains macromolecule be loaded, can little 5 μl, thus minimizing...

There is clear evidence of rapid, nongenomic responses to estrogen in a variety neuronal model systems. To address the question whether some these rapid signals might be transduced by classical receptor (ER) α or closely related protein nontransformed neurons, we undertook present study using isolated fetal rat hippocampal neurons. Several antibodies developed detect ERα were tested this system and showed positive membrane staining nonpermeabilized MC-20, an affinity purified anti-ERα,...

The transduction mechanism (or mechanisms) responsible for converting a mechanical load into skeletal muscle growth response are unclear. In this study we have used mechanically active tissue culture model of differentiated human cells to investigate the relationship between load, sarcolemma wounding, fibroblast factor release, and cell growth. Using Flexcell Strain Unit demonstrate that as increases, so too does amount wounding. A similar was also observed level inflicted on bFGF (FGF2)...

ABSTRACT The lack of readily available experimental systems has limited knowledge pertaining to the development Salmonella -induced gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in humans. We used a novel low-shear stress cell culture system developed at National Aeronautics Space Administration conjunction with cultivation three-dimensional (3-D) aggregates human intestinal tissue study infectivity enterica serovar Typhimurium for epithelium. Immunohistochemical characterization microscopic...

Talmadge and Roy (J. Appl. Physiol. 1993, 75, 2337–2340) previously established a sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protocol for separating all four rat skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (MHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb); however, when applied to human muscle, the type II MHC (IIa, IIx) are not clearly distinguished. In this brief paper we describe modification of SDS-PAGE which yields distinct consistent separation three adult in minigel system....

Unloading-induced muscle atrophy occurs in the aging population, bed-ridden patients, and astronauts. This study was designed to determine whether dynamic foot stimulation (DFS) applied plantar surface of rat can serve as a countermeasure soleus normally observed hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats. Forty-four mature (6 mo old), male Wistar rats were randomly assigned ambulatory control, HU alone, with active DFS (i.e., contact inflation), passive without while wearing boot no groups. Application...

Abstract

A substantial body of evidence indicates that aged-related changes in the fluidity and lipid composition plasma membrane contribute to cellular dysfunction humans other mammalian species. In CNS, reductions neuronal order (PMO) (i.e., increased fluidity) have been attributed age as well presence beta-amyloid peptide-25-35, known play an important role neuropathology Alzheimer's disease (AD). These PMO increases may influence neurotransmitter synthesis, receptor binding, second messenger...

Abstract Objective: Obesity is associated with modified transmembrane signaling events in skeletal muscle, such as insulin and glucose transport. The underlying cause of these obesity‐related effects on still unknown. In general, the function membrane proteins responsible for modulated by biochemical makeup membrane, lipid composition, which they are embedded. Any alterations composition would also be predicted to modify biomechanical properties susceptibility mechanical load‐induced damage....

Chronic unloading induces decrements in muscle size and strength. This adaptation is governed by a number of molecular factors including myostatin, potent negative regulator mass. Myostatin must first be secreted into the circulation then bind to membrane-bound activin receptor IIB (actRIIB) exert its atrophic action. Therefore, we hypothesized that myofiber type-specific atrophy observed after hindlimb suspension (HLS) would related expression myostatin and/or actRIIB. Wistar rats underwent...

Abstract The continued growth and spread of tumours is dependent on the proliferation endothelial cells their vasculature. presence proliferation‐ or tumour‐induced surface proteins these would offer a suitable epitope for monoclonal antibody therapy tumours. Using cultured human umbilical capillary cells, we have stimulated them with simple mitogens tumour conditioned media examined induced by [ 35 S]methionine incorporation 125 I‐surface‐labelling. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel...

Using a terrestrial model of spaceflight (i.e., bed rest), we investigated the amount myofiber wounding and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) release that occurs during unloading. Myofiber was determined by serum levels creatine kinase MM (CKMM) isoform before after rest. Serum both acidic FGF (aFGF) basic were also determined. A second group subjects treated in an identical fashion except they underwent resistive exercise program Bed rest alone caused significant ( P < 0.05; n = 7)...