A5010445968- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Sports Performance and Training
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Occupational Health and Performance
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Infrared Thermography in Medicine
- Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Corneal surgery and disorders
KBR (United States)
2019-2024
Johnson Space Center
2006-2024
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2009-2024
Prisma Health
2024
Wyle (United States)
2011-2023
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2021
University of New Mexico
2002-2015
University of California, San Diego
2006-2015
Universities Space Research Association
2009-2015
California State University, Fullerton
2011
To understand the health impact of long-duration spaceflight, one identical twin astronaut was monitored before, during, and after a 1-year mission onboard International Space Station; his served as genetically matched ground control. Longitudinal assessments identified spaceflight-specific changes, including decreased body mass, telomere elongation, genome instability, carotid artery distension increased intima-media thickness, altered ocular structure, transcriptional metabolic DNA...
<h3>Importance</h3> Exposure to a weightless environment during spaceflight results in chronic headward blood and tissue fluid shift compared with the upright posture on Earth, unknown consequences cerebral venous outflow. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess internal jugular vein (IJV) flow morphology investigate if lower body negative pressure is associated reversing experienced spaceflight. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study included 11 International Space...
Decrements in muscular strength during long-duration missions space could be mission-critical construction and exploration activities. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes muscle volume, strength, endurance crewmembers on the International Space Station (ISS) context new measurements loading exercise countermeasures.Strength volumes were measured from four male ISS (49.5 +/- 4.7 yr, 179.3 7.1 cm, 85.2 10.4 kg) before after spaceflight (181 15 d). Preflight in-flight forces...
Exposure to microgravity causes alterations in multiple physiological systems, potentially impacting the ability of astronauts perform critical mission tasks. The goal this study was determine effects spaceflight on functional task performance and identify key factors contributing their deficits.A test battery comprised seven tests 15 measures used investigate sensorimotor, cardiovascular, neuromuscular adaptations spaceflight. Astronauts were tested before after 6-month spaceflights....
This investigation was designed to measure aerobic capacity (V̇o2peak) during and after long-duration International Space Station (ISS) missions. Astronauts (9 males, 5 females: 49 ± yr, 77.2 15.1 kg, 40.6 6.4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) [mean SD]) performed peak cycle tests ∼90 days before flight, 15 launch, every ∼30 in-flight, on recovery 1 (R + 1), R 10, 30. Expired metabolic gas fractions, ventilation, heart rate (HR) were measured. Data analyzed using mixed-model linear regression. The main...
<h3>Importance</h3> Optic disc edema develops in astronauts during long-duration spaceflight and is a risk for all future spaceflight. Having ground-based analogue of weightlessness that reproduces critical features spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome will facilitate understanding, preventing, and/or treating this syndrome. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the ocular changes individuals exposed to an are similar duration comparable weightlessness. <h3>Design, Setting,...
During long-duration spaceflights, nearly all astronauts exhibit some change in ocular structure within the spectrum of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.To quantitatively determine a prospective study whether changes structures hypothesized to be associated with development syndrome occur during 6-month missions on board International Space Station (ISS).The Ocular Health ISS Study is longitudinal cohort that uses objective quantitative imaging modalities. The present...
Resistance exercise has been used as a means to prevent the musculoskeletal losses associated with spaceflight. Therefore, National Aeronautics and Space Administration designed Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) replace initial device flown on International Station. The ARED uses vacuum cylinders inertial flywheels simulate, in absence of gravity, constant mass inertia, respectively, free weight (FW) exercise. Purpose: To compare effects resistance training using FW. Methods:...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular deconditioning apparently progresses with flight duration, resulting in a greater incidence of orthostatic intolerance following long-duration missions. Therefore, we anticipated that the proportion astronauts who could not complete an tilt test (OTT) would be higher on landing day and number days to recover after International Space Station (ISS) than Shuttle METHODS: There were 20 ISS 65 participated 10-min 80° head-up tests 10 d before launch, (R+0), 3 (R+3)....
Many astronauts experience ocular structural and functional changes during long-duration spaceflight, including choroidal folds, optic disc edema, globe flattening, nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) distension, retinal fiber layer thickening, decreased visual acuity. The leading hypothesis suggests that weightlessness-induced cephalad fluid shifts increase intracranial pressure (ICP), which contributes to the changes, but elevated ambient CO2 levels on International Space Station may also be a...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Twins Study created an integrative molecular profile of astronaut during NASA's first 1-year mission on the International Station (ISS) included comparisons to identical Earth-bound twin. unique biochemical profiles observed when landing Earth after such a long (e.g., spikes in interleukin-1 [IL-1]/6/10, c-reactive protein [CRP], C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2], IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], tumor necrosis factor alpha...
Spaceflight missions expose astronauts to increased risk of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage that might accelerate the development asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. The purpose this investigation was determine whether long-duration spaceflight (>4 mo) results in structural functional changes carotid brachial arteries. Common artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (cIMT), CCA distensibility stiffness, endothelium-dependent -independent vasodilation were measured 13 (10 men, 3 women)...
Bed rest and spaceflight reduce exercise fitness. Supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP) treadmill provides integrated cardiovascular musculoskeletal stimulation similar to that imposed by upright in Earth gravity. We hypothesized 40 min of supine per day a LBNP chamber at 1.0-1.2 wt (58 +/- 2 mmHg LBNP) maintains aerobic fitness sprint speed during 15 days 6 degrees head-down bed (simulated microgravity). Seven male subjects underwent two such bed-rest studies random order: one as...
All astronauts experience some degree of orthostatic intolerance following spaceflight, ranging from tachycardia to hypotension and syncope. The purpose this study was evaluate the ability two compression garments, National Aeronautics Space Administration's inflatable antigravity suit (AGS) Russian Federal Agency's non-inflatable garment (Kentavr), prevent hypovolemia-related intolerance.To mimic plasma volume loss experienced by during spaceflight 19 healthy subjects received an...
Long-duration spaceflight results in a loss of muscle strength that poses both operational and medical risks, particularly during emergency egress, upon return to Earth, future extraterrestrial exploration. Isokinetic testing the knee, ankle, trunk quantifies movement-specific changes following offers insight into effectiveness in-flight exercise countermeasures.We retrospectively evaluated isokinetic for 37 ISS crewmembers (Expeditions 1-25) 163 ± 38 d (mean SD) spaceflight. Gender,...
Short periods of weightlessness are associated with reduced stroke volume and left ventricular (LV) mass that appear rapidly thought to be largely dependent on plasma volume. The magnitude these cardiac adaptations even greater after prolonged simulated weightlessness, but the time course during recovery from bed rest has not been previously described. We collected serial measures (PV, carbon monoxide rebreathing) LV structure function [tissue Doppler imaging, three-dimensional (3-D) 2-D...
Optic disc edema among astronauts after long-duration spaceflight is associated with 1-carbon pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms and B vitamin status. A recent strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) study documented development of optic increased total retinal thickness in participants exposed to carbon dioxide, 0.5%, for 30 days, but genetic risk factors have not been explored the cohort.To examine whether peripapillary measures obtained from optical coherence tomography images...
Spaceflight induces a chronic headward fluid shift that is believed to underlie ocular changes observed in astronauts. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, reversing this via application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) during spaceflight may alter venous system, as evidenced by decrease intraocular pressure. This finding indicates LBNP has potential be an effective countermeasure against spaceflight, which then beneficial preventing or associated changes.
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is hypothesized to develop as a consequence of the chronic headward fluid shift that occurs in sustained weightlessness. We exposed healthy subjects (n = 24) strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), an analog weightlessness generates shift, and we monitored for ocular changes similar findings SANS. Two-thirds received daily 30-min exposure artificial gravity (AG, 1 g at center mass, ~0.3 eye level) during HDTBR by either continuous (cAG,...