Choice behavior on simple sensory-motor tasks can exhibit trial-to-trial dependencies. For perceptual tasks, these dependencies reflect the influence of prior trials choices that are also guided by sensory evidence, which is often independent across trials. Here we show relative influences and evidence choice be shaped training, such strongest when sensitivity to relevant weakest then decline steadily as improves. We trained monkeys decide direction random-dot motion indicate their decision...

Sounds associated with newly learned information that are replayed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep can improve recall in simple tasks. The mechanism for this improvement is presumed to be reactivation of the memory when consolidation takes place. We have developed an EEG-based closed-loop system precisely deliver sensory stimulation at time down-state up-state transitions NREM sleep. Here, we demonstrate applying technology participants performing a realistic navigation task...

Recording synchronous data from EEG and eye-tracking provides a unique methodological approach for measuring the sensory cognitive processes of overt visual search. Using this we obtained fixation related potentials (FRPs) during guided search task specifically focusing on lambda P3 components. An outstanding question is whether FRP components are influenced by concurrent demands. We addressed obtaining simultaneous eye-movement electroencephalographic (EEG) measures while parametrically...

We investigate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and diffusion processes with variable drift rates as models of evidence accumulation in a visual discrimination task. derive power-law exponential drift-rate characterize how parameters these affect the psychometric function describing performance accuracy stimulus strength viewing time. fit to psychophysical data from monkeys learning task identify that best capture it improves training. The most informative parameter was overall rate signal-to-noise ratio...

Tschacher and Haken have recently applied a systems-based approach to modeling psychotherapy process in terms of potentially beneficial tendencies toward deterministic as well chaotic forms change the client's behavioral, cognitive affective experience during course therapy. A refers greater exploration states that client can be in, it may potential positive role play their development. distinction is made between on one hand, specific instances instability which are due techniques employed...

Intraocular pressure was measured in 24 patients undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. There a rapid rise when the circulation began, and this maintained for about 30 minutes. A simultaneous drop arterial perfusion packed cell volume occurred. We suggest that marked haemodilution is responsible effect, through increased ocular blood flow low colloidal osmotic pressure. The possible aetiological significance relation to ischaemic optic neuropathy complicating discussed.

Perceptual learning involves long-lasting improvements in the ability to perceive simple sensory stimuli. Some forms of perceptual are thought involve an increasingly selective readout neurons that most sensitive trained stimulus. Here we report novel changes relationship between threshold and slope psychometric function during consistent with such can provide insights into underlying neural mechanisms. In monkeys on a direction-discrimination task, corresponded lower thresholds slightly...

We examined the relationship of serum ferritin to bone marrow iron stores in 73 anemic male medical inpatients with liver disease, alcoholism, chronic inflammatory and malignancies. A correlation r = 0.75 (P less than .00005) was found between (BMIS) for entire group. Liver disease as manifested clinically or by increased levels glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase did not appear significantly affect this relationship. Patients folic acid deficiency tend have a disproportionate increase...

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) during sleep has been shown to successfully modulate memory consolidation. Here, we tested the effect of short duration repetitive tES (SDR-tES) a daytime nap on consolidation declarative facts in healthy individuals. We use previously described approach deliver at regular intervals non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, specifically stage NREM2 and NREM3. Similar previous studies using tES, find enhanced performance compared sham both after 48 h...

The creation of machine learning algorithms for intelligent agents capable continuous, lifelong is a critical objective being deployed on real-life systems in dynamic environments. Here we present an algorithm inspired by neuromodulatory mechanisms the human brain that integrates and expands upon Stephen Grossberg's ground-breaking Adaptive Resonance Theory proposals. Specifically, it builds concept uncertainty, employs series "neuromodulatory" to enable continuous learning, including...

In subjects trained extensively to indicate a perceptual decision with an action, neural commands that generate the action can represent process of forming decision. However, it is unknown whether this representation requires overtraining or reflects more general link between and motor processing. We examined how processing represented in naive monkeys being on demanding task, as they first establish sensory–motor association then learn form accurate judgments. The task required decide...

Introduction The normal transition to sleep is characterized by a reduction in higher frequency activity and an increase lower frontal brain regions. In onset insomnia these changes are weaker may prolong the sleep. Methods Using wearable device, we compared 30min of short duration repetitive transcranial electric stimulation (SDR-tES) at 0.75Hz, prior going bed, with active control 25Hz same individuals. Results Treatment 0.75Hz significantly reduced latency (SOL) 53% when pre-treatment...

The present paper argues that a systems theory epistemology (and particularly the notion of hierarchical recursive organization) provides critical theoretical context within which significance Friston's (2010a) Free Energy Principle (FEP) for both evolution and psychoanalysis is best understood. Within this perspective, FEP occupies particular level organization organism, biological self-organization. This form self-organization in turn understood as foundational pervasive to higher levels...

A growing number of studies use the combination eye-tracking and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures to explore neural processes that underlie visual perception. In these studies, fixation-related potentials (FRPs) are commonly used quantify early late stages processing follow onset each fixation. However, FRPs reflect a mixture bottom-up (sensory-driven) top-down (goal-directed) processes, in addition eye movement artifacts unrelated activity. At present there is little consensus on how...

Friston's (2010) Free Energy Principle (FEP) offers an opportunity to rethink what is meant by the psychoanalytic concept of object, or discrete mental representation (Ogden, 1992). The significance such objects in psychoanalysis that they may be superimposed on current experience so perceptions are partly composed projected fantasy, and more realistic perception. From a free energy perspective, (person) object understood as bounded set prior beliefs about 'platonic' sort person, provides...

<p>First-time admission to a psychiatric hospital for acute psychosis has been reported be extremely traumatic, and this not adequately researched in the South African context. This study approached persons diagnosed with schizophrenia explores their recollected, subjective experiences of first ward psychosis. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted seven participants schizophrenia. These analysed using thematic content analysis. While some had positive experiences,...

First-time admission to a psychiatric hospital for acute psychosis has been reported be extremely traumatic, and this not adequately researched in the South African context. This study approached persons diagnosed with schizophrenia explores their recollected, subjective experiences of first ward psychosis. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted seven participants schizophrenia. These analysed using thematic content analysis. While some had positive experiences, majority...

How can students build new connections with the poetic elements of Shakespeare’s plays? In this digital movie project, explore close reading and thoughtful selection imagery to create deeper understanding.