Abstract Global climate models (GCMs) are essential for investigating change, but their coarse scale limits efficacy adaptation planning at the regional scales where impacts manifest. Dynamical downscaling of GCM outputs better resolves and thus provides improved guidance policy scales. Being expensive to run, uses a subset GCMs, necessitating careful selection. This evaluation identifies suitable CMIP6 GCMs over Australia by assessing individual against three criteria: (a) performance...

Abstract The NARCliM project contributes to the CORDEX initiative for Australasia. first generation of (N1.0) used CMIP3 global climate models (GCMs) and provided near far future estimates change across Australasia at 50‐km southeast Australia 10‐km resolution under a business‐as‐usual scenario. However, multiple sets 20‐year periods in N1.0 did not permit analysis long‐term, inter‐annual decadal trends 21st century. Feedback on user needs regional information revealed desire emission...

The 2019–2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end January 2020 across states Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Australia. were unprecedent in scope extensive character caused smoke pollutants be transported not only Zealand, but also Pacific Ocean America. At peak wildfires, plumes injected into stratosphere at height up 25 km hence globe. meteorological air quality Weather Research Forecasting...

ABSTRACT Ozone and particle pollution are of concern for the Sydney basin, in particular during warm months (November to March) when levels can exceed national standards. Previous studies on relationship between synoptic circulation air quality focused high days or aggregated conditions over region as a whole. This study provides both temporal spatial analyses processes affecting warm‐month ozone Sydney. A catalogue was developed by applying self‐organising map method NCEP/NCAR geopotential...

Abstract Heatwaves are Australia’s deadliest natural hazard. Anthropogenic climate change has increased the intensity, frequency and duration of heatwaves over Australia in past several decades these trends projected to worsen future. Despite strong knowledge heatwave characteristics their changes, there remains a gap understanding how Australian population will be exposed future heatwaves. This study estimates changes exposure Australia. We find that both for continental its capital cities,...

This paper presents a data fusion framework to enhance the accuracy of air-pollutant forecast in state New South Wales (NSW), Australia using deep learning (DL) as core model. Here, we propose long short-term memory Bayesian neural network (LSTM-BNN) improve performance predictive profiles via quantifying uncertainties and adjusting model parameters. For this, develop new inferring technique for kernel density estimation with subdivision tuning ensure both computational efficiency limited...

In Australia, meteorological measurements from air quality monitoring networks are an overlooked source of data for urban climatology and meteorology research operations. The reasons this not clear but may include uncertainty in the observations. Here I compare over 1 million 1-min near surface temperature (n = 516,334) relative humidity 516,717) two distinct observational stations at Camden Airport New South Wales (NSW), Australia – Bureau Meteorology automatic weather station (AWS) NSW...

Abstract. NARCliM2.0 (New South Wales and Australian Regional Climate Modelling) comprises two Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) regional climate models (RCMs) which downscale five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global contributing to the Coordinated Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) over Australasia at 20 km resolution southeast Australia 4 convection-permitting resolution. We first describe NARCliM2.0's design, including selecting definitive RCMs via testing 78 using...

Abstract. Understanding regional climate model (RCM) capabilities to simulate current informs development and change assessments. This is the first evaluation of NARCliM2.0 ensemble seven Weather Forecasting Research RCMs driven by ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) over Australia at 20 km resolution contributing CORDEX-CMIP6 Australasia southeastern convection-permitting (4 km). The performances these ERA5 (R1–R7) in simulating mean extreme maximum minimum temperatures precipitation are evaluated...

Between 11 and 15 February 2019, a dust storm originating in Central Australia with persistent westerly south winds caused high particle concentrations at many sites the state of New South Wales (NSW); both inland along coast. The continued to be transported Zealand Antarctica east. This study uses observed data WRF-Chem Weather Research Forecast model based on GOCART-AFWA (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation Transport–Air Force Agency) scheme GOCART aerosol gas-phase MOZART (Model for Ozone...

In early 2020 from April to June, the metropolitan area of Sydney as well rest New South Wales (NSW, Australia) experienced a period lockdown prevent spread COVID-19 virus in community. The effect reducing anthropogenic activities including transportation had an impact on urban environment terms air quality which is shown have improved for number pollutants, such Nitrogen Dioxides (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), based monitoring data ground satellite. addition primary pollutants CO NOx...

The Upper Hunter Valley is a major coal mining area containing approximately 40% of the currently identified total reserves in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Due to ongoing increase activities, PM10 (air-borne particle with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometres) pollution has become air quality concern local communities. This paper summarises spatial and temporal variability modes region, based on long-term multi-site monitoring data application rotated principal component...

Abstract. Understanding regional climate model (RCM) capabilities to simulate current informs development and change assessments. This is the first evaluation of NARCliM2.0 ensemble Weather Forecasting Research RCMs driven by ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) reanalyses over Australia at 20 km resolution contributing CORDEX-CMIP6 Australasia, south-eastern convection-permitting (4 km). RCM performance in simulating mean extreme maximum, minimum temperature precipitation evaluated against...

Biomass burnings either due to Hazards Reduction Burnings (HRBs) in late autumn and early winter or bushfires during summer periods various part of the world (e.g., CA, USA New South Wales, Australia) emit large amount gaseous pollutants aerosols. The emissions, under favourable meteorological conditions, can cause elevated atmospheric particulate concentrations metropolitan areas beyond. One concern is black carbon (BC), which a component aerosol particles. BC harmful health acts as...

Dust storms originating from Central Australia and western New South Wales frequently cause high particle concentrations at many sites across Wales, both inland along the coast. This study focussed on a dust storm event in February 2019 which affected air quality state as detected ambient monitoring stations Department of Planning, Industry Environment (DPIE) network. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research Forecast Model—Chemistry) model is used to formation, dispersion transport (NSW, Australia)....

The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is one of the key factors in influencing dispersion air pollutants troposphere and, hence, pollutant concentration on ground level. For this reason, accurate depends performance PBLH prediction. Recently, ceilometers, a lidar instrument to measure cloud base height, have been used by atmospheric scientists and pollution control authorities determine mixing level (MLH) improving forecasting understanding evolution aerosol layers above at site. In...

In Australia, tropospheric ozone measurements in rural locations are scarce with mostly made cities. This limits the ability to estimate background levels that inform policy development. The few studies have assessed Australia been associated short campaign monitoring or specific, short-term research programs. Recognising this deficit of information, New South Wales Government has established long-term at two locations. paper presents results from first three years Gunnedah. We assess...

NARCliM1.5 is the second generation of New South Wales and Australian Regional Climate Modelling (NARCliM) project, which designed to produce an ensemble regional climate projections for CORDEX Australasia southeast Australia. The selected global models (GCMs) are used drive Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model dynamical downscaling. In this study, we evaluate how well two generations NARCliM (N1.0 N1.5) represent observed record 12 extremes examine their projected changes N1.5...

Abstract. NARCliM2.0 comprises two Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate models (RCMs) downscaling five CMIP6 global contributing to the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment over Australasia at 20 km resolution, south-east Australia 4 convection-permitting resolution. We first describe NARCliM2.0’s design, including selecting two, definitive RCMs via testing seventy-eight using different parameterisations for planetary boundary layer, microphysics, cumulus,...

Australia experiences a variety of climate extremes that result in loss life and economic environmental damage. This paper provides first evaluation the performance state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global models (GCMs) simulating over Australia. Here, we evaluate how well 37 individual CMIP6 GCMs simulate spatiotemporal patterns 12 by comparing against gridded observations (Australian Gridded Climate Dataset). is crucial for informing, interpreting,...

The 2019-2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end January 2020 across states Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Australia. were unprecedent in scope extensive extend has caused smoke pollutants transported not only Zealand but Pacific Ocean America. At height wildfires, plumes injected into stratosphere at up 25km hence globe. Based meteorological air quality simulation using WRF-Chem model,...

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in southeastern Australia. Their effects on ecology, environment population exposure have been the focus of many studies recently. do not emit ground-sequestered carbon but significant quantities into atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth water bodies because carbon, other trace elements such as iron, deposit surface oceans. Carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by via photosynthesis. The balance cycle due to dust are well...

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in south-eastern Australia. Their effects on the ecology, environment population exposure have been focus of many studies recently. do not emit ground-sequestered carbon, but significant quantities carbon into atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth water bodies because other trace elements such as iron, deposit surface oceans. Carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by via photosynthesis. The balance cycle due to dust well known....