We revisit the classical but as yet unresolved problem of predicting breaking onset 2D and 3D irrotational gravity water waves. Based on a fully nonlinear boundary element model, our numerical simulations investigate geometric, kinematic energetic differences between maximally tall non-breaking waves marginally in focusing wave groups. Our study focuses initially unidirectional domains with flat bottom topography conditions ranging from deep to intermediate depth (depth wavelength ratio 1...

Observed crest speeds of maximally steep, breaking water waves are much slower than expected. Our fully nonlinear computations unsteadily propagating deep wave groups show that each approaching its maximum height slows down significantly and either breaks at this reduced speed, or accelerates forward unbroken. This previously noted slowdown behavior was validated as generic in our extensive laboratory field observations. It is likely to occur unsteady dispersive other natural systems.

The 2019–2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end January 2020 across states Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Australia. were unprecedent in scope extensive character caused smoke pollutants be transported not only Zealand, but also Pacific Ocean America. At peak wildfires, plumes injected into stratosphere at height up 25 km hence globe. meteorological air quality Weather Research Forecasting...

The threshold for the onset of breaking proposed by Barthelemy et al. ( arXiv:1508.06002v1 , 2015) has been investigated in laboratory unidirectional wave groups deep water and extended to include different classes moderate wind forcing. Thermal image velocimetry was used compare measurements crest point (maximum elevation also maximum) surface particle velocity $U_{s}$ ) with speed $C$ determined an array closely spaced gauges. energy flux ratio $B_{x}=U_{s}/C$ that distinguishes maximum...

This paper presents a data fusion framework to enhance the accuracy of air-pollutant forecast in state New South Wales (NSW), Australia using deep learning (DL) as core model. Here, we propose long short-term memory Bayesian neural network (LSTM-BNN) improve performance predictive profiles via quantifying uncertainties and adjusting model parameters. For this, develop new inferring technique for kernel density estimation with subdivision tuning ensure both computational efficiency limited...

Deep-learning has emerged as a powerful approach to significantly improve forecast accuracy for air quality estimation. Several models have been developed, demonstrating their own merits in some scenarios and certain pollutants. In nowcasting, the prediction of pollution over small time period essentially demands accurate reliable estimates, especially event cases. From these, selecting most suitable model achieve required performance remains challenging. This paper presents an ensemble...

In early 2020 from April to June, the metropolitan area of Sydney as well rest New South Wales (NSW, Australia) experienced a period lockdown prevent spread COVID-19 virus in community. The effect reducing anthropogenic activities including transportation had an impact on urban environment terms air quality which is shown have improved for number pollutants, such Nitrogen Dioxides (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), based monitoring data ground satellite. addition primary pollutants CO NOx...

Background: Three doses of the investigational AS02v-adjuvanted hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine HB-AS02 have been shown to induce more rapid seroprotection and higher anti-HBs antibody concentrations in patients with renal insufficiency than four FENDrix™ (HB-AS04), an adjuvanted HBV licensed Europe for use this population. This study evaluated persistence immune response up 36 months after primary vaccination.Methods: In open, international, Phase III follow-up study, 151 pre-dialysis,...

The 2019-2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end January 2020 across states Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Australia. were unprecedent in scope extensive extend has caused smoke pollutants transported not only Zealand but Pacific Ocean America. At height wildfires, plumes injected into stratosphere at up 25km hence globe. Based meteorological air quality simulation using WRF-Chem model,...

Abstract

A dynamical understanding of the physical process surface gravity wave breaking remains an unresolved problem in fluid dynamics. Conceptually, can be described by inception and onset, where is initiation unknown irreversible processes within a crest that precede visible manifestation onset. In search for energetic indicator inception, we use ensemble non-breaking crests evolving unsteady packets simulated numerical tank to investigate evolution each term kinetic energy balance equation. We...

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in southeastern Australia. Their effects on ecology, environment population exposure have been the focus of many studies recently. do not emit ground-sequestered carbon but significant quantities into atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth water bodies because carbon, other trace elements such as iron, deposit surface oceans. Carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by via photosynthesis. The balance cycle due to dust are well...

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in south-eastern Australia. Their effects on the ecology, environment population exposure have been focus of many studies recently. do not emit ground-sequestered carbon, but significant quantities carbon into atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth water bodies because other trace elements such as iron, deposit surface oceans. Carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by via photosynthesis. The balance cycle due to dust well known....

Low-cost sensors are widely used for air quality monitoring due to their affordability, portability and easy maintenance. However, the performance of such sensors, as PurpleAir Sensors (PAS), is often affected by changes in environmental (e.g., temperature humidity) or emission conditions, hence resulting measurements require corrections ensure accuracy validity. Traditional correction methods, like those developed US-EPA, have limitations, particularly applications geographically diverse...

Lowcost sensors are widely used for air quality monitoring due to their affordability, portability and easy maintenance. However, the performance of such sensors, as PurpleAir Sensors (PAS), is often affected by changes in environmental (e.g., temperature humidity) or emission conditions, hence resulting measurements require corrections ensure accuracy validity. Traditional correction methods, like those developed USEPA, have limitations, particularly applications geographically diverse...

The kinematic properties of unsteady highly non-linear 3D wave groups have been investigated using a numerical tank. Although carrier speeds based on zero-crossing analysis remain within +-7% linear theory predictions, crests and troughs locally undertake systematic cyclical leaning from forward to backward as the crests/troughs transition through their maximum amplitude. Consequently, both slow down by approximately 15% velocity, in sharp contrast predictions finite amplitude Stokes steady...

In early 2020 from April to June, the metropolitan area of Sydney as well rest New South Wales (NSW, Australia) experienced a period lockdown prevent spread Covid-19 virus in community. The effect reducing anthropogenic activities including transportation had an impact on urban environment term air quality which is shown have improved for number pollutants, such nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), based monitoring data ground satellite. Besides primary pollutants CO NOx emitted...

The breaking of surface gravity waves is a key process contributing to air-sea fluxes and turbulent ocean mixing. highly nonlinear nature wave breaking, combined with the challenges observing this in laboratory or field setting, leaves our understanding energetic processes underpinning incomplete. Progress towards refining was made recent study (D. G. Boettger et. al., An signature for inception waves, Journal Fluid Mechanics 959, A33 (2023)), which identified an kinetic energy evolution...

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in southeastern Australia. Their effects on ecology, environment population exposure have been the focus of many studies recently. do not emit ground-sequestered carbon but significant quantities into atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth water bodies because carbon, other trace elements such as iron, deposit surface oceans growth. Carbon di-oxide is reabsorbed by via photosynthesis. The balance dust are well...

We examine the influence of wind forcing on inception breaking in surface gravity waves using an ensemble high-resolution numerical simulations. find that there is a critical point energetic evolution wave which convergence kinetic energy at crest can no longer be offset by conversion to potential energy, resulting rapid growth up onset. This signature shown consistently differentiate between non-breaking and under range speeds.

Air pollution is of great concern for governmental agencies, business sectors and the public due to its adverse impact on human wellness. Effective monitoring fore-casting air are essential stakeholders take necessary actions risk management. This paper presents development a user-friendly visualization platform that can incorporate deep learning estimation schemes in ensemble with observations modeling data forecast globally, as well real-time those airborne pollutants at local scale. A...