A5006351029- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Climate change and permafrost
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Landslides and related hazards
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
University of Exeter
2016-2025
Kazan Federal University
2024
University of Birmingham
2023
Forest Research
2023
University of York
2006-2020
Phillips Exeter Academy
2020
University of Stirling
2006-2013
Heriot-Watt University
2012
Stockholm Environment Institute
2007-2008
Stockholm Environment Institute
2007
Abstract Global environmental change, related to climate change and the deposition of airborne N‐containing contaminants, has already resulted in shifts plant community composition among functional types Arctic temperate alpine regions. In this paper, we review how key ecosystem processes will be altered by these transformations, complex biological cascades feedbacks that might result, some potential broader consequences for earth system. Firstly, consider patterns growth allocation,...
Abstract Nitrogen (N) deposition is a component of global change that has considerable impact on belowground carbon (C) dynamics. Plant growth stimulation and alterations fungal community composition functions are the main mechanisms driving soil C gains following N in N‐limited temperate forests. In N‐rich tropical forests, however, generally minor effects plant growth; consequently, storage may strongly depend microbial processes drive litter organic matter decomposition. Here, we...
Carbon release from thawing permafrost soils could significantly exacerbate global warming as the active-layer deepens, exposing more carbon to decay. Plant community and soil properties provide a major control on this by influencing maximum depth of thaw each summer (active-layer thickness; ALT), but quantitative understanding relative importance plant characteristics, their interactions in determine ALTs, is currently lacking. To address this, we undertook an extensive survey multiple...
Physical and chemical stabilisation mechanisms are now known to play a critical role in controlling carbon (C) storage mineral soils, leading suggestions that climate warming-induced C losses may be lower than previously predicted. By analysing > 9,000 soil profiles, here we show that, overall, declines strongly with mean annual temperature. However, the reduction temperature was more three times greater coarse-textured limited capacities for stabilising organic matter, fine-textured soils...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands, also known as "blue C," is an essential component of the global C cycles. To gain a detailed insight into blue storage and controlling factors, we studied 142 sites across ca. 5000 km covering temperate, subtropical, tropical climates China. The wetlands represented six vegetation types (Phragmites australis, mixed P. australis Suaeda, single Spartina alterniflora, mangrove [Kandelia obovata Avicennia marina], tidal flat) three invaded by S....
Abstract Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands by switching from conventional to conservation management may be hampered stimulated microbial decomposition under warming. Here, we test the interactive effects of agricultural and warming on SOC persistence underlying mechanisms a decade-long controlled experiment wheat-maize cropping system. Warming increased content accelerated fungal community temporal turnover agriculture (no tillage, chopped crop residue), but not (annual...
Abstract Forests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, being considered an important and continuing sink. However, response of sequestration forests to climate change remains major uncertainty, with particularly poor understanding origins environmental responses soil CO 2 efflux. For example, despite their large biomass, contribution ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi forest efflux changes drivers has, date, not been quantified field. Their activity is often simplistically included...
Warming-induced release of CO2 from the large carbon (C) stores in arctic soils could accelerate climate change. However, declines response soil respiration to warming long-term experiments suggest that microbial activity acclimates temperature, greatly reducing potential for enhanced C losses. As reduced rates with time be equally caused by substrate depletion, evidence thermal acclimation remains controversial. To overcome this problem, we carried out a cooling experiment Sweden. If causes...
Abstract In a number of recent field studies, the positive response soil respiration to warming has been shown decline over time. The two main differing hypotheses proposed explain these results are: (1) microbial acclimates increased temperature, and (2) substrate availability within decreases with so reducing rate respiration. To investigate relative merits hypotheses, samples (both intact cores sieved samples) from 3‐year grassland soil‐warming shading experiment were incubated for 4...
Abstract How soil carbon balance will be affected by plant–mycorrhizal interactions under future climate scenarios remains a significant unknown in our ability to forecast ecosystem storage and fluxes. We examined the effects of temperature (14, 20, 26 °C) on structure extent multispecies community arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with Plantago lanceolata . To isolate from roots, we used mesh‐divided pot system separate hyphal compartments near away plant. A 13 C pulse label was...
Abstract. Under climate change thawing permafrost will cause old carbon which is currently frozen and inert to become vulnerable decomposition release into the system. This paper develops a simple framework for estimating impact of this on global mean temperature (P-GMT). The analysis based simulations made with Hadley Centre model (HadGEM2-ES) range representative CO2 concentration pathways. Results using high pathway (RCP 8.5) suggest that by 2100 annual methane (CH4) emission rate 2–59 Tg...
Ancient Amazon soils are characterised by low concentrations of soil phosphorus (P). Therefore, it is hypothesised that plants may invest a substantial proportion their resources belowground to adjust P-uptake strategies, including root morphological, physiological (phosphatase enzyme activities) and biotic (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations) adaptations. Since these strategies energy demanding, we hypothesise trade-offs between morphological traits phosphatase exudation symbiotic...
Abstract Coastal wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems and store large amounts of organic carbon (C)—the so termed “blue carbon.” However, in tropics subtropics have been invaded by smooth cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) affecting storage blue C. To understand how S. affects soil (SOC) stocks, sources, stability, their spatial distribution, we sampled soils along a 2500 km coastal transect encompassing tropical to subtropical climate zones. This included 216 samplings within...
Abstract Current consensus on global climate change predicts warming trends with more pronounced temperature changes in winter than summer the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. Moderate increases soil are generally related to faster rates of organic carbon (SOC) decomposition ecosystems, but there is evidence that SOC stocks have remained remarkably stable or even increased Tibetan Plateau under these conditions. This intriguing observation points altered microbial mediation...
Abstract The magnitude of future emissions greenhouse gases from the northern permafrost region depends crucially on mineralization soil organic carbon (SOC) that has accumulated over millennia in these perennially frozen soils. Many recent studies have used radiocarbon ( 14 C) to quantify release this “old” SOC as CO 2 or CH 4 atmosphere dissolved and particulate (DOC POC) surface waters. We compiled ~1,900 C measurements 51 sites assess vulnerability thawing tundra, forest, peatland, lake,...
Soil nutrient availability can strongly affect root traits. In tropical forests, phosphorus (P) is often considered the main limiting for plants. However, support P paradigm limited, and N cations might also control forests functioning. We used a large-scale experiment to determine how factorial addition of nitrogen (N), affected productivity traits related acquisition strategies (morphological traits, phosphatase activity, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation contents) in primary rainforest...