A5087431234- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Plant and animal studies
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
University of Exeter
2016-2025
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2016-2025
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
2009-2011
Max Planck Society
2006
Abstract. This manuscript describes the energy and water components of a new community land surface model called Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). is developed from Met Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES). It can be used as stand alone driven by observed forcing data, or coupled to an atmospheric global circulation model. The JULES has been Unified Model (UM) such provides unique opportunity for research contribute their improve both world-leading operational weather...
Abstract. The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is a process-based model that simulates the fluxes of carbon, water, energy and momentum between land surface atmosphere. Many studies have demonstrated important role in functioning Earth System. Different versions JULES been employed to quantify effects on carbon sink climate change, increasing atmospheric dioxide concentrations, changing aerosols tropospheric ozone, response methane emissions from wetlands change. This paper...
Summary Accurate representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models ( TBM s) is essential for robust projections global change. However, current representations vary markedly between s, contributing uncertainty to carbon fluxes. Here we compared the seven s by examining leaf and canopy level responses photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation A ) key environmental variables: light, temperature, concentration, vapor pressure deficit soil water content. We identified research areas where...
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new database Rdark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from Arctic to tropics). Several woody nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) represented. Mixed-effects models used disentangle sources variation in . Area-based at prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) each site increased only twofold tropics, despite...
Abstract. We analysed 1040 individual trees, located in 62 plots across the Amazon Basin for leaf mass per unit area (MA), foliar carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and level concentrations of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K Al. All trees were identified to species with dataset containing 58 families, 236 genera 508 species, distributed a wide range soil types precipitation regimes. Some characteristics such as MA, [C], [N] [Mg] emerge highly constrained by taxonomic affiliation tree but others [P], [K],...
Summary The temperature response of photosynthesis is one the key factors determining predicted responses to warming in global vegetation models ( GVM s). may vary geographically, owing genetic adaptation climate, and temporally, as a result acclimation changes ambient temperature. Our goal was develop robust quantitative model representing photosynthetic responses. We quantified modelled mechanisms responsible for using dataset CO 2 curves, including data from 141 C 3 species tropical...
Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models are used to predict the response of climate change. They essential for planning ecosystem management, understanding carbon cycle–climate feedbacks, and evaluating potential impacts change on ecosystems. JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) represents terrestrial processes in Hadley Centre family first generation Earth System Model. Previously, represented five plant functional types (PFTs): broadleaf trees, needle-leaf C3 C4 grasses,...
Abstract. Vertical profiles in leaf mass per unit area (MA), foliar 13C composition (δ13C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C) and major cation concentrations were estimated for 204 rain forest trees growing 57 sites across the Amazon Basin. Data was analysed using a multilevel modelling approach, allowing separation of gradients within individual tree canopies (within-tree gradients) as opposed to stand level occurring because systematic differences between different heights...
Simulations with the Hadley Centre general circulation model (HadCM3), including carbon cycle and forced by a 'business-as-usual' emissions scenario, predict rapid loss of Amazonian rainforest from middle this century onwards. The robustness projection to both uncertainty in physical climate drivers formulation land surface scheme is investigated. We analyse how modelled vegetation cover Amazonia responds (i) parameters specified atmosphere component HadCM3 their associated influence on...
Abstract Tropical forests and peatlands provide important ecological, climate socio‐economic benefits from the local to global scale. However, these ecosystems their associated are threatened by anthropogenic activities, including agricultural conversion, timber harvesting, peatland drainage fire. Here, we identify key challenges, potential solutions future directions meet forest conservation restoration goals in Indonesia, with a particular focus on Kalimantan. Through round‐table,...
Land-atmosphere exchanges influence atmospheric CO2. Emphasis has been on describing photosynthetic CO2 uptake, but less respiration losses. New global datasets describe upper canopy dark (R d) and temperature dependencies. This allows characterisation of baseline R d, instantaneous responses longer-term thermal acclimation effects. Here we show the implications these parameterisations with a gridded land model. model aggregates d to whole-plant p, driven meteorological forcings spanning...
Summary Reliable modelling of above‐ground net primary production ( aNPP ) at fine resolution is a significant challenge. A promising avenue for improving process models to include response and effect trait relationships. However, uncertainties remain over which leaf traits are correlated most strongly with . We compared abundance‐weighted values two the widely used from economics spectrum (specific area dry matter content) measured across temperate ecosystem gradient. found that content...
Plant temperature responses vary geographically, reflecting thermally contrasting habitats and long-term species adaptations to their climate of origin. Plants also can acclimate fast temporal changes in regime mitigate stress. Although plant photosynthetic are known temperature, many global models used predict future vegetation climate-carbon interactions do not include this process. We quantify the regional impacts biogeographical variability thermal acclimation response capacity on...
Ancient Amazon soils are characterised by low concentrations of soil phosphorus (P). Therefore, it is hypothesised that plants may invest a substantial proportion their resources belowground to adjust P-uptake strategies, including root morphological, physiological (phosphatase enzyme activities) and biotic (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations) adaptations. Since these strategies energy demanding, we hypothesise trade-offs between morphological traits phosphatase exudation symbiotic...
Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are used for studying historical and future changes to the terrestrial carbon cycle. JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) represents land surface in Hadley Centre climate Earth System Model. Recently number of plant functional types (PFTs) was expanded from five nine better represent diversity ecosystems. Here we introduce a more mechanistic representation dynamics TRIFFID, dynamic component JULES, which allows any PFTs compete...
Soil nutrient availability can strongly affect root traits. In tropical forests, phosphorus (P) is often considered the main limiting for plants. However, support P paradigm limited, and N cations might also control forests functioning. We used a large-scale experiment to determine how factorial addition of nitrogen (N), affected productivity traits related acquisition strategies (morphological traits, phosphatase activity, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation contents) in primary rainforest...
Wildfires influence terrestrial carbon cycling and represent a safety risk, yet process-based understanding of their frequency spatial distributions remains elusive. We combine satellite-based observations with an enhanced dynamic global vegetation model to make regionally resolved assessments burned area (BA) responses changing climate, derived from 34 Earth system models human demographics for 1860–2100. Limited by climate socioeconomics, recent BA has decreased, especially in central...
Abstract Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% global total. There is, however, a lack agreement among different methodologies on magnitude trends in LULCC their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation datasets for Brazil, including those used annual budget (GCB), national Brazilian assessments over period 2000–2018. Results show that latest HYDE 3.3 dataset, based new FAO...
The two major Brazilian biomes, the Amazonia and Cerrado (savanna), are increasingly exposed to fires. Amazonian Forest is a fire sensitive ecosystem where fires typically rare disturbance while naturally fire-dependent. Human activities, such as landscape fragmentation land-use management, have modified regime of introduced into Forest. There limited understanding role on occurrence in biomes. Due differences vegetation structure, composition, land use characteristics each biome, we...
Abstract The Amazon is the largest continuous tropical forest in world and plays a key role global carbon cycle. Human-induced disturbances climate change have impacted balance. Here we conduct comprehensive synthesis of existing state-of-the-art estimates contemporary land fluxes using set bottom-up methods (i.e., dynamic vegetation models bookkeeping models) top-down inversion (atmospheric model) over Brazilian whole Biogeographical domain. Over biogeographical region methodologies suggest...