A5038215995- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Climate change and permafrost
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Forest Management and Policy
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Pasture and Agricultural Systems
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
University of York
2013-2024
Stockholm Environment Institute
2015-2024
Seascape Consultants (United Kingdom)
2021
National Centre for Earth Observation
2010-2012
Stockholm Environment Institute
2007-2012
Christian Aid
2011
Environmental Institute
2010
Imperial College London
2010
Natural Environment Research Council
2007
Addis Ababa University
2002
Summary 1. Despite urbanization being a major driver of land‐use change globally, there have been few attempts to quantify and map ecosystem service provision at city‐wide scale. One that is an increasingly important feature climate mitigation policies, with other potential benefits, biological carbon storage. 2. We examine the quantities spatial patterns above‐ground stored in typical British city, Leicester, by surveying vegetation across entire urban area. also consider how density...
1. An increasing number of studies are examining the distribution and congruence ecosystem services, often with goal identifying areas that will provide multiple service 'hotspots'. However, there is a paucity data on most so proxies (e.g. estimates for particular land cover type) frequently used to map their distribution. To date, has been little attempt quantify effects using maps despite potentially large errors associated such sets. 2. Here, we first study degree spatial these primary...
Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Trees with sufficient nutrition are known to allocate carbon preferentially aboveground plant parts. Our global study of 49 forests revealed an even more fundamental allocation response nutrient availability: high‐nutrient availability use 58 ± 3% (mean SE; 17 forests) their photosynthates for biomass production (BP), while low‐nutrient only convert 42 2% 19 annual biomass. This effect largely overshadows previously observed differences in patterns among...
Summary 1. Ecosystems support biodiversity and also provide goods services that are beneficial to humans. The extent which the locations most valuable for ecosystem coincide with those is of critical importance when designing conservation land management strategies. There are, however, few studies on base any kind conclusion about possible spatial patterns association between biodiversity. Moreover, little known sensitivity conclusions quality data available, or choice size region used...
Alteration in land use is likely to be a major driver of changes the distribution ecosystem services before 2050. In Europe, urbanization will probably main cause land-use change. This increase result spatial shifts both supplies and beneficiaries those services; net outcome such remains determined. Here, we model urban cover Britain based on large (16%) projected increases human population by 2031, consequences for three different services—flood mitigation, agricultural production carbon...
Abstract Forests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, being considered an important and continuing sink. However, response of sequestration forests to climate change remains major uncertainty, with particularly poor understanding origins environmental responses soil CO 2 efflux. For example, despite their large biomass, contribution ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi forest efflux changes drivers has, date, not been quantified field. Their activity is often simplistically included...
Pressure on ecosystems to provide various different and often conflicting services is immense likely increase. The impacts success of conservation prioritization will be enhanced if the needs competing land uses are recognized at planning stage. We develop such methods illustrate them with data about in Great Britain, aim developing a priority ranking that balances between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, agricultural value, urban development potential. While both stocks desirable...
Abstract In a number of recent field studies, the positive response soil respiration to warming has been shown decline over time. The two main differing hypotheses proposed explain these results are: (1) microbial acclimates increased temperature, and (2) substrate availability within decreases with so reducing rate respiration. To investigate relative merits hypotheses, samples (both intact cores sieved samples) from 3‐year grassland soil‐warming shading experiment were incubated for 4...
• Although arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a major pathway in the global carbon cycle, their basic biology and, particular, respiratory response to temperature remain obscure. A pulse label of stable isotope 13C was applied Plantago lanceolata, either uninoculated or inoculated with AM fungus Glomus mosseae. The extra-radical mycelium (ERM) allowed grow into separate hyphal compartment excluding roots. We determined costs ERM and tested for direct effect on its respiration by measuring...
Key uncertainties remain in accurately measuring soil respiration, including how the commonly‐used technique of collar insertion affects measured and root‐derived CO 2 fluxes. We hypothesized that total respiration is frequently under‐estimated because insertions sever surface roots, which coupled with preferential practice taking daytime measurements, leads to autotrophic (root‐derived) component being missed. root distribution efflux three contrasting ecosystems: a Lodgepole pine ( Pinus...
Abstract Climate change is leading to the development of land‐based mitigation and adaptation strategies that are likely have substantial impacts on global biodiversity. Of these, approaches maintain carbon within existing natural ecosystems could particularly large benefits for However, geographical distributions terrestrial stocks biodiversity differ. Using conservation planning analyses New World Britain, we conclude a carbon‐only strategy would not be effective at conserving...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are a potentially important link in the chain of response ecosystems to elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ]. By promoting plant phosphorus uptake and acting as sink for carbon, they can alleviate photosynthetic down‐regulation. Because hyphal turnover is likely be fast, especially warmer soils, also act rapid pathway return carbon atmosphere. However, most experiments on AM responses ] have failed take into account difference growth non‐ plants; those that done...
The growth response of the hyphae mycorrhizal fungi has been determined, both when plant and fungus together only was exposed to a temperature change. Two host species, Plantago lanceolata Holcus lanatus, were grown separately in pots inoculated with Glomus mosseae at 20/18 °C (day/night); half then transferred 12/10 °C. Plant fungal determined six sequential destructive harvests. A second experiment investigated direct effect on length extra‐radical mycelium (ERM) three species. Growth...
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have a major influence on the structure, responses and below‐ground C allocation of plant communities. Our lack understanding response AM to factors such as light temperature is an obstacle accurate prediction impact global climate change ecosystem functioning. In order investigate this response, we divided grassland site into 24 plots, each either unshaded or partly shaded with soil unheated heated by 3°C at 2 cm depth. both short‐term studies in...
The hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. few studies have examined the delivery of services existing efforts concentrated on large, ‘wilderness’-style reserves. However, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. Here, we first analyses compare representation three across several contrasting in a...
Abstract. Quantifying soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) and their dynamics accurately is crucial for better predictions of climate change feedbacks within the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system. However, components, environmental responses controls CO2 efflux (Rs) are still unclear limited by field data availability. The objectives this study were (1) to quantify contribution various Rs specifically its mycorrhizal component, (2) determine temporal variability, (3) establish dependence on...
To inform the design and implementation of land-use policies that consider variety goods services people derive from ecosystems, it is essential to understand spatial patterns individual services, how multiple relate each other, these relationships vary across scales localities. Despite importance freshwater as a determinant regional economic human demographic patterns, there are surprisingly few studies map provision range associated with quality aquatic environment. Here we examine between...
Climate change has the capacity to alter physical and biological ecosystem processes, jeopardizing survival of associated species. This is a particular concern in cool, wet northern peatlands that could experience warmer, drier conditions. Here we show climate, processes food chains combine influence population performance species British blanket bogs. Our peatland process model accurately predicts water-table depth, which abundance craneflies (keystone invertebrates), turn observed...