A5073918386- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Plant and animal studies
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Forest Management and Policy
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Forest ecology and management
- Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Climate variability and models
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Gut microbiota and health
Baylor College of Medicine
2025
University of Otago
1999-2021
Otago Polytechnic
2019-2021
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
2014-2019
University of York
2007-2015
Harvard University Press
1992
University of Alaska Fairbanks
1990
Purdue University West Lafayette
1973-1974
1. An increasing number of studies are examining the distribution and congruence ecosystem services, often with goal identifying areas that will provide multiple service 'hotspots'. However, there is a paucity data on most so proxies (e.g. estimates for particular land cover type) frequently used to map their distribution. To date, has been little attempt quantify effects using maps despite potentially large errors associated such sets. 2. Here, we first study degree spatial these primary...
Abstract A large array of species distribution model ( SDM ) approaches has been developed for explaining and predicting the occurrences individual or assemblages. Given wealth existing models, it is unclear which models perform best interpolation extrapolation data sets, particularly when one concerned with We compared predictive performance 33 variants 15 widely applied recently emerged s in context multispecies data, including both joint that multiple together, stacked each individually...
Why do areas with high numbers of small-range species occur where they do? We found that, for butterfly and plant in Europe, bird the Western Hemisphere, such coincide regions that have rare climates, are higher colder than surrounding regions. Species small range sizes also tend to climatically diverse regions, likely been buffered from extinction past. suggest centres richness we examined predominantly represent interglacial relict cold-adapted able survive unusually warm periods last ca...
Summary 1. Ecosystems support biodiversity and also provide goods services that are beneficial to humans. The extent which the locations most valuable for ecosystem coincide with those is of critical importance when designing conservation land management strategies. There are, however, few studies on base any kind conclusion about possible spatial patterns association between biodiversity. Moreover, little known sensitivity conclusions quality data available, or choice size region used...
We link spatially explicit climate change predictions to a dynamic metapopulation model. Predictions of species' responses change, incorporating dynamics and elements dispersal, allow us explore the range margin for two lagomorphs conservation concern. Although have very different distribution patterns, shifts at edge were more pronounced than in overall metapopulation. For Romerolagus diazi (volcano rabbit), lower elevation limit shifted upslope by approximately 700 m. This reduced area...
The benefits of protected areas (PAs) for biodiversity have been questioned in the context climate change because PAs are static, whereas distributions species dynamic. Current may, however, continue to be important if they provide suitable locations colonize at their leading-edge range boundaries, thereby enabling spread into new regions. Here, we present an empirical assessment role as targets colonization during recent expansions. Records from intensive surveys revealed that seven bird...
Summary Modern species distribution models account for spatial autocorrelation in order to obtain unbiased statistical inference on the effects of covariates, improve model's predictive ability through interpolation and gain insight processes shaping data. Somewhat analogously, hierarchical approaches community‐level data have been developed insights into species‐level by borrowing information from other that are either ecologically or phylogenetically related focal species. We unify...
Pressure on ecosystems to provide various different and often conflicting services is immense likely increase. The impacts success of conservation prioritization will be enhanced if the needs competing land uses are recognized at planning stage. We develop such methods illustrate them with data about in Great Britain, aim developing a priority ranking that balances between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, agricultural value, urban development potential. While both stocks desirable...
Many species appear to be undergoing shifts in phenology, arising from climate change. To predict the direction and magnitude of future changes requires an understanding how phenology depends on climatic variation. Species show large-scale spatial variation (affected by differentiation among populations) as well year-to-year at same site predominantly local plasticity). Teasing apart temporal should allow improved predictions under This study is first quantify entire emergence pattern...
Summary 1. Current national and international frameworks for assessing threats to species have not been developed in the context of climate change, are framed a way that recognises new opportunities arise from change. 2. The framework presented here separates benefits change individual species. Threat is assessed by level climate‐related decline within species’ recently occupied (e.g. pre‐1970s) historical distribution, based on observed repeat census) and/or projected changes modelled...
Abstract Climate change is leading to the development of land‐based mitigation and adaptation strategies that are likely have substantial impacts on global biodiversity. Of these, approaches maintain carbon within existing natural ecosystems could particularly large benefits for However, geographical distributions terrestrial stocks biodiversity differ. Using conservation planning analyses New World Britain, we conclude a carbon‐only strategy would not be effective at conserving...
The hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. few studies have examined the delivery of services existing efforts concentrated on large, ‘wilderness’-style reserves. However, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. Here, we first analyses compare representation three across several contrasting in a...
A cornerstone of conservation is the designation and management protected areas (PAs): locations often under containing species concern, where some development other detrimental influences are prevented or mitigated. However, value PAs for conserving biodiversity in long term has been questioned given that changing their distributions response to climatic change. There a concern may become climatically unsuitable those they were designated protect, not be located appropriately receive...
Abstract. Different measures of species abundance, particularly cover and biomass, are often used as if they were interchangeable. We ask to what extent the measure abundance affects conclusions reached in plant community ecology. The test data comprised 35 plots, each 1 m × m, on serpentine vegetation Tuscany, Italy, which both biomass measured. made rather little difference when plots examined terms rank present, results a DCA‐ordination. Likewise, showed similar variation across biomass....
We examined whether fear of hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with (a) higher levels trait anxiety and general fearfulness, (b) difficulty differentiating symptoms hypoglycemia, (c) past experience hypoglycemia. Joslin Diabetes Center outpatients Type I II (N = 232), all requiring insulin, were surveyed. patients experienced significantly more than patients. For the groups, scores on Worry subscale Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS-W) fear. Higher Behavior...
To inform the design and implementation of land-use policies that consider variety goods services people derive from ecosystems, it is essential to understand spatial patterns individual services, how multiple relate each other, these relationships vary across scales localities. Despite importance freshwater as a determinant regional economic human demographic patterns, there are surprisingly few studies map provision range associated with quality aquatic environment. Here we examine between...
Summary Species’ abundances vary in space and time. Describing these patterns is a cornerstone of macroecology. Moreover, trends population size are an important criterion for the assessment species’ conservation status. Because abundance not homogeneous space, we need to quantify variation across geographical range species. A basic difficulty exists that data sets cover large geographic areas rarely include at high temporal resolution. Whilst both broad‐scale distribution site‐specific...
Different vegetation types can generate variation in microclimates at local scales, potentially buffering species from adverse climates. To determine if could respond to such under climatic warming, we evaluated whether ectothermic (butterflies) exploit favourable and alter their use of different habitats response year-to-year climate. In both relatively cold (Britain) warm (Catalonia) regions geographical ranges, most shifted into cooler, closed (e.g. woodland) hot years, warmer, open...
Abstract Many species are expanding at their leading‐edge range boundaries in response to climate warming. Species known respond individualistically change, but there has been little consideration of whether responses consistent over time. We compared 37 southerly distributed British butterflies two study periods, first between 1970–1982 and 1995–1999 then 2005–2009, when mean annual temperature increased regionally by 0.03 °C yr −1 (a significant rate increase) 0.01 nonsignificant...
Abstract Aim Global conservation policies, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ) decision to aim for protection of 17% area terrestrial ecosystems by 2020, are typically realized at national levels. We investigate difference between continentally coordinated versus nationally devolved conservation, in a manner relevant Nagoya resolution. Location The areas Western Hemisphere. Methods used IUCN distribution data 8463 species mammals, birds and amphibians investigated...