Abstract Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance calls for development non-chemical treatment options bacterial infections. Plasma medicine applies low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics to address biomedical problems such as wound healing tumor suppression. LTP has also been used surface disinfection. However, there is still much be learned regarding the effectiveness on bacteria in suspension liquids, especially porous surfaces. We investigated efficacy treatments against using an...

Recognition of intracellular bacteria by macrophages leads to secretion type I IFNs. However, the role IFN during bacterial infection is still poorly understood. Francisella tularensis, causative agent tularemia, a pathogenic bacterium that replicates in cytosol leading IFN. In this study, we investigated IFNs mouse model tularemia. Mice deficient for receptor (IFNAR1(-/-)) are more resistant intradermal with F. tularensis subspecies novicida (F. novicida). Increased resistance was...

Plasma medicine is an emerging field that applies the science and engineering of physical plasma to biomedical applications. Low-temperature plasma, also known as cold generated via ionization atoms in a gas, generally exposure strong electric fields, consists ions, free radicals, molecules at varying energy states. Plasmas low temperatures (approximately room temperature) have been used for applications dermatology, oncology, anti-microbial strategies. Despite current ongoing clinical use,...

Whooping cough is considered a childhood disease, although there growing evidence that children are infected by adult carriers. Additionally, increasing numbers of vaccinated adults being diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis disease. Thus it critical to understand how B. remains endemic even in highly or immune populations. Here we used the mouse model examine nature sterilizing immunity pertussis. Antibodies were necessary control infection but did not rapidly clear from lungs. However,...

Many pathogens are able to manipulate the signaling pathways responsible for generation of host immune responses. Here we examine and model a respiratory infection system in which disruption functions or bacterial factors changes dynamics infection. We synthesize network interactions between components two closely related bacteria genus Bordetellae. incorporate existing experimental information on timing regulatory events into discrete dynamic model, verify by comparing effects simulated...

Abstract The role of Abs in protection against respiratory infection with the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is not clear. To investigate ability to clear bacteria from lungs and prevent systemic spread, immune serum was passively administered i.p. naive mice before intranasal F. live vaccine strain infection. It found that treatment provided 100% lethal challenge while normal or Ig-depleted no protection. Protective efficacy correlated increased clearance lung required...

The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis survives in mammals, arthropods, and freshwater amoeba. It was previously established that the conventional media used for vitro propagation of this microbe do not yield bacteria mimic those harvested from infected mammals; whether these vitro-cultivated resemble arthropod- or amoeba-adapted is unknown. As a foundation our goal identifying F. outer membrane proteins which are expressed during mammalian infection, we first sought to identify...

The persistence of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis within vaccinated populations the reemergence associated disease highlight need to better understand protective immunity. present study examined host immunity bordetellae addressed potential concerns about mouse model by using a comparative approach including closely related pathogen bronchiseptica. As previously observed with pertussis, all three organisms persisted throughout respiratory tracts B-cell-deficient mice, indicating...

Enterobactin (Ent), a prototypical bacterial siderophore known for its unparalleled affinity iron, is widely conserved among members of the

Bacterial ribosomes frequently translate to the 3' end of an mRNA without terminating at in-frame stop codon. In all bacteria studied date, these "nonstop" are rescued using trans-translation. Genes required for trans-translation essential in some species, but other species can survive because they express alternative ribosome rescue factor, ArfA or ArfB. Francisella tularensis cells lacking viable, F. does not encode Transposon mutagenesis followed by deep sequencing (Tn-seq) identified a...

Vitamin D supplementation is linked to improved outcomes from respiratory virus infection, and the COVID-19 pandemic renewed interest in understanding potential role of vitamin protecting lung viral infections. Therefore, we evaluated using animal models H1N1 influenza severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In mice, dietary-induced deficiency resulted inflammation that was present prior sufficient (D+) deficient (D-) wildtype (WT) D+ D- Cyp27B1 (Cyp) knockout (KO, cannot...

The genus Bordetella includes a group of closely related mammalian pathogens that cause variety respiratory diseases in long list animals (B. bronchiseptica) and whooping cough humans pertussis B. parapertussis). While past research has examined how these are eliminated from the lower tract, host factors control and/or clear bordetellae upper tract remain unclear. We hypothesized immunoglobulin A (IgA), predominant mucosal antibody isotype, would have protective role against pathogens....

Abstract Although the antibacterial effects of Abs are well studied in vitro systems, vivo cannot always be accurately predicted. Complicated cross-talk between different effector functions and various arms immune system can affect their activities vivo. Using mouse respiratory pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica, we examined mechanisms Ab-mediated clearance bacteria from tract. Interestingly, although TLR4 was not necessary for protective immunity following infection, it required rapid...

Bacteria require at least one pathway to rescue ribosomes stalled the ends of mRNAs. The primary for ribosome is trans-translation, which conserved in >99% sequenced bacterial genomes. Some species also have backup systems, such as ArfA or ArfB, can absence sufficient trans-translation activity. Small-molecule inhibitors broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria grown liquid culture. These compounds were tested tier 1 select agent Francisella tularensis determine if they limit...

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused significant social and economic disruption worldwide, despite highly effective vaccines being developed at an unprecedented speed. Because the first licensed target only single B-cell antigens, antigenic drift could lead to loss of efficacy against emerging variants. Improving by including multiple T-cell epitopes solve this problem. Here, we show that in silico predicted MHC class I/II ligands induce robust responses protect severe disease genetically...

We investigated the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in cutaneous and pulmonary infection with Francisella tularensis. found that after intradermal challenge mice live vaccine strain (LVS) F. tularensis, splenic IL-10 levels increased rapidly reached a peak 5 days infection. However, expression was detrimental, since IL-10(-/-) showed bacterial clearance were resistant to an infectious dose (>10(6) CFU/mouse) uniformly lethal for IL-10(+/+) mice. Furthermore, treated neutralizing anti-IL-10R...

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is most deadly in pneumonic form; therefore, mucosal immunity an important first line defense against this pathogen. We have now evaluated lethality primary F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) pulmonary infection mice that are defective IgA (IgA(-/-) mice), predominant Ig isotype. The results showed IgA(-/-) were more susceptible than IgA(+/+) to intranasal LVS infection, despite developing higher levels LVS-specific total, IgG,...

Abstract To assess the contribution of complement to respiratory immunity in context a natural bacterial infection, we used mice genetically deficient components and murine pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica . Complement component C3 was not required for control infection or generation infection‐induced protective immunity. However, C3‐deficient (C3 –/– ) were severely defective, compared wild type, vaccine‐induced Adoptively transferred immune serum from convalescent wild‐type animals...

ABSTRACT Bordetella parapertussis and pertussis are closely related species that cause whooping cough, an acute, immunizing disease. Their coexistence in the same host populations at time vaccine studies showing B. vaccines have little effect on infection or disease suggest protective immunity induced by each does not efficiently cross protect against other. Although mechanisms of to been well studied, those not. The present study explores mechanism which is cleared from lower respiratory...