A5050057313- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Disaster Response and Management
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Color Science and Applications
- Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
- Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods
- Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Traumatic Ocular and Foreign Body Injuries
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
- Color perception and design
- Aerospace and Aviation Technology
- Occupational Health and Performance
- Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- GABA and Rice Research
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Naval Medical Research Command
2019-2024
Henry M. Jackson Foundation
2019-2024
Jackson Foundation
2019-2020
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
2015-2017
United States Army Aeromedical Research Lab
2016-2017
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
2015-2017
New College of Florida
2010
Recent evidence linking repeated low-level blast overpressure exposure in operational and training environments with neurocognitive decline, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative processes has prompted concern over the cumulative deleterious effects of on brains service members. Repetitive to primary may cause symptoms (subclinical) similar those seen mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), progressive vascular cellular changes, which could contribute neurodegeneration. At level, mechanical force...
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a risk for military personnel due to blast overpressures, which may result from variety of sources, including artillery and improvised explosive devices. Much research has gone into the search biomarker identify patients with TBI. The FDA recently identified two proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), as biomarkers evaluate suspected injury. Our group previously observed changes in UCH-L1 population...
Long-term, repeated exposure to low-intensity blast overpressure is a potential causal factor of lasting outcomes reminiscent post-concussion syndrome. Wearable sensor engineers are exploring elements that associated with outcomes. Currently, however, there no devices can truly record all blasts experienced by an individual. Military service members (n = 984) were surveyed about their lifelong and behavioral health. Using heavy-arms-associated target outcomes, we calculated generalized value...
The consequences of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and components neurovascular unit are an area active research. In this study we assessed time course BBB integrity in anesthetized rats exposed to a single blast overpressure 130 kPa (18.9 PSI). permeability was measured vivo via intravital microscopy by imaging extravasation fluorescently labeled tracers (40 kDa 70 molecular weight) through pial microvasculature into parenchyma at 2-3 h, 1, 3,...
The long-term effects of exposure to blast overpressure are an important health concern in military personnel. Increase amyloid beta (Aβ) has been documented after non-blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may contribute neuropathology increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. We have shown that Aβ levels decrease following a low-intensity event. To further explore this observation, we examined the single 37 kPa (5.4 psi) on levels, production, clearance mechanisms acute (24 h) delayed (28...
The glycocalyx is a proteoglycan–glycoprotein structure lining the luminal surface of vascular endothelium and susceptible to damage due blast overpressure (BOP) exposure. essential in maintaining structural functional integrity vasculature regulation cerebral blood flow (CBF). Assessment alterations density glycocalyx; its components (heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG/syndecan-2), heparan (HS), chondroitin (CS)); CBF; effect hypercapnia on CBF was conducted at 2–3 h, 1, 3, 14, 28 days...
Exposure to blast overpressure may result in cerebrovascular impairment, including cerebral vasospasm. The mechanisms contributing this vascular response are unclear. aim of study was evaluate the relationship between and functional alterations microcirculation investigate potential underlying changes microstructure. Cerebrovascular responses were assessed sham- blast-exposed male rats at multiple time points from 2 h through 28 days after a single 130-kPa (18.9-psi) exposure. Pial cranial...
Public awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the military increased recently because conflicts Iraq and Afghanistan where blast was most common mechanism injury. Besides overt injuries, concerns also exist over potential adverse consequences subclinical exposures, which are for many service members. A TBI is a risk factor later development neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD)-like disorders. Studies acute humans animals have suggested that processing amyloid...
Objectives To evaluate how blast exposure impacts peripheral biomarkersin military personnel enrolled in 10-day training.Methods On day 7, 21 experienced peak overpressure <2 pounds per square inch (psi); while 29 ≥5 psi. Blood samples were collected each to measure changes amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and tau concentrations.Results Within 24 hours following psi, the psi group had lower Aβ42 (p = .004) NFL < .001) compared (9.35%) (22.01%) baseline. Twenty-four after...
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been linked to mental health disorders (MHDs) and pituitary function alterations. Due the complex relationship of mTBI, neuroendocrine system, MHDs, we propose that dysfunction (NED) may play a role in negative long-term outcomes. The goal this study was determine if blast-concussed service members (SMs) have stronger likelihood developing NED. We hypothesized NED either pre- or post-injury is associated with poor physical Serum samples from Armed...
A shock tube and anthropomorphic headforms were used to investigate eye protection form fit using eyewear on the Authorized Protective Eyewear List in primary ocular blast trauma experiments. Time pressure recordings obtained from highly linear sensors mounted at cornea of instrumented different sizes. custom produced reliable waves collected as a function wave orientation protective eyewear. coefficients calculated new metric fit. In general, better was correlated with smaller gaps between...
Chronic mental health problems are common among military veterans who sustained blast-related traumatic brain injuries. The reasons for this association remain unexplained. Male rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast overpressure (BOP) exposures exhibit chronic cognitive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related traits that develop in a delayed fashion. We examined blast-induced alterations on the transcriptome four areas (anterior cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum)...
Color is one of the latest design characteristics helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). It's inclusion in specifications based on two suppositions: 1) color provides an additional method encoding information, and 2) a more realistic, hence intuitive, presentation especially pilotage imagery. To some degree, these perceived advantages have been validated with head-down panel-mounted displays, although not without few problems associated visual physiology perception. These become prevalent when user...
Many military veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries in the conflicts Iraq and Afghanistan currently suffer from chronic cognitive mental health problems that include depression post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Male rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast develop PTSD-related behavioral traits are present for more than 1 year after exposure. We previously reported a group II metabotropic receptor (mGluR2/3) antagonist reversed blast-induced traits. In this...
Abstract At present, there are no set guidelines establishing cumulative limits for blast exposure numbers and intensities in military personnel, combat or training operations. The objective of the current study was to define lung injury, pathology, associated behavioral changes from primary repeated injury under appropriate conditions combinations (i.e. overpressure (BOP) intensity frequency) using an advanced simulator. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed BOP frontally laterally at a...
Operating in a degraded visual environment (DVE) poses significant risk to helicopter operations. A DVE can be caused by partial or total loss of visibility from airborne dust, sand, snow stirred up the helicopter's rotor downwash. cause spatial orientation and situational awareness, which has on several occasions led controlled flight into terrain, ground obstacle collisions, aircraft personnel. DVEs have driven development new display technologies, turn present challenges, including...
Many military veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the conflicts Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from chronic cognitive mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Male rats subjected to repetitive low-level blast exposure develop PTSD-related traits that a delayed manner. Ketamine has received attention as treatment for refractory depression PTSD. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-HNK] is ketamine metabolite exerts rapid...
Objectives: Since hypoxia remains one of the most important physiological hazards aviation environment poses, military aviators are trained to recognize symptoms in order implement appropriate safety procedures and countermeasures when occurs. A widely used commercial instrument for training, demonstration, research is Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD). Here we describe a novel, inexpensive method use ROBD's breathing loop pressure (BLP) measure respiration rate, critically response...
BACKGROUND: Apache pilots needing refractive correction are issued modified HGU-4/P aviator spectacles. However, a recently published survey found field of view (FOV) dissatisfaction with the current spectacles when sighting in Helmet Display Unit (HDU). A Air Force flight frame was in-lab and purpose this study to evaluate FOV vs. frame. METHODS: Recruited were 21 assess under three conditions: 1) wearing frame; 2) 3) no The main outcome measure total four quadrants tested: superior left...
Project Manager (PM) Apache Block III contacted the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), Fort Rucker, Alabama, requesting assistance to evaluate and find solutions a government-developed Helmet Display Unit (HDU) device called Mock HDU for helmet alignment of Advanced Integrated (AAIH). The AAIH is modified Head Gear No. 56 Personnel (HGU-56/P) replace current Sighting System (IHADSS). flashlight-based simulator helmet/HDU was no longer in production or available. Proper...