The goal was to investigate possible monosynaptic GABAergic projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) thalamocortical neurons of medial geniculate body (MGB) in rat. Although there is little evidence for such a projection other sensory thalamic nuclei, GABAergic, ascending auditory reported recently cat. In present study, immunohistochemical and tract-tracing methods were used identify IC that contain GABA project MGB. GABA-positive most numerous central nucleus less so dorsal lateral...

A sound embedded in an acoustic stream cannot be unambiguously segmented and identified without reference to its stimulus context. To understand the role of context cortical processing, we investigated responses auditory neurons 2-sound sequences awake marmosets, with a focus on properties other than carrier frequency. Both suppressive facilitatory modulations were observed by using combinations modulated tone noise stimuli. The main findings are as follows. 1) Preceding stimuli could...

OBJECTIVE. We examined child and parent outcomes of training providers to engage families efficiently reduce common symptoms a range mental health problems disorders. METHODS. Training involved three 1-hour discussions structured around video examples family/provider communication skills, each followed by practice with standardized patients self-evaluation. Skills targeted eliciting concerns, partnering families, increasing expectations that treatment would be helpful. tested the at 13 sites...

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases disorders such as Parkinson's disease obsessive-compulsive disorder, well critical research perturbing neural circuits exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically mediated DBS, however, limited by spread stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to course treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared (INS), an...

Anatomic, intrinsic, and synaptic properties of dorsal ventral division neurons in rat medial geniculate body. Presently little is known about what basic cellular mechanisms are employed by thalamocortical the two main divisions auditory thalamus to elicit their distinct responses sound. Using intracellular recording labeling methods, we characterized anatomic features, membrane properties, inputs (MGD) (MGV) brain slices Quantitative analysis dendritic morphology demonstrated that tufted...

In sensory systems, the thalamus has historically been considered a relay station. Neural representations of temporal modulations in auditory system undergo considerable changes as they pass from inferior colliculus (IC) to cortex. We sought determine awake primates extent which thalamic neurons contribute these transformations. tested processing capabilities medial geniculate body (MGB) marmoset monkeys using repetitive click stimuli. MGB were able synchronize periodic clicks at repetition...

In Brief Objective: Listeners with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) typically experience reduced speech perception, which is not completely restored amplification. This likely occurs because cochlear damage, in addition to elevating audiometric thresholds, alters the neural representation of transmitted higher centers along auditory neuroaxis. While deleterious effects SNHL on perception humans have been well-documented using behavioral paradigms, our understanding correlates underlying...

<h2>Abstract</h2> How the brain processes temporal information embedded in sounds is a core question auditory research. This article synthesizes recent studies from our laboratory regarding neural representations of time-varying signals cortex and thalamus awake marmoset monkeys. Findings these show that 1) primary (A1) uses representation to encode slowly varying acoustic firing rate–based rapidly changing signals, 2) dual temporal-rate A1 represent progressive transformation thalamus, 3)...

As the information bottleneck of nearly all auditory input that reaches cortex, thalamus serves as basis for establishing cortical processing streams. The functional organization primary and nonprimary subdivisions is not well characterized, particularly in awake primates. We have recorded from neurons marmoset monkeys tested their responses to tones, band-pass noise, temporally modulated stimuli. analyzed spectral temporal response properties correlated those with locations thalamus,...

Detecting membrane potentials is critical for understanding how neuronal networks process information. We report a vibrational spectroscopic signature of identified through hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging patched primary neurons. High-speed SRS allowed direct visualization puff-induced depolarization multiple neurons in mouse brain slices, confirmed by simultaneous calcium imaging. The observed signature, partially dependent on sodium ion influx, interpreted as...

Abstract Significance Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has emerged as a potent neuromodulation technology, offering safe and focal with superior spatial recruitment profiles compared to conventional electrical methods. However, the dynamics induced by INS remain poorly understood. Elucidating these will help develop new paradigms advance its clinical application. Aim In this study, we assessed local network of entrainment in auditory thalamocortical circuit using chronically implanted rat...

The frequency resolution of neurons throughout the ascending auditory pathway is important for understanding how sounds are processed. In many animal studies, tuning widths about 1/5th octave wide in nerve fibers and much wider cortex neurons. Psychophysical studies show that humans capable discriminating far finer differences. A recent study suggested this perhaps attributable to fine human (Bitterman Y, Mukamel R, Malach Fried I, Nelken I. Nature 451: 197-201, 2008). We investigated...

The inferior colliculus (IC) receives ascending excitatory and inhibitory inputs from multiple sources, but how these auditory converge to generate IC spike patterns is poorly understood. Simulating of in vivo train data cellular synaptic models creates a powerful framework identify factors that contribute changes responses, such as those resulting age-related loss temporal processing. A conductance-based single neuron model was constructed, its responses were compared observed during...

Extracting temporal periodicities and envelope shapes of sounds is important for listening within complex auditory scenes but declines behaviorally with age. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) spikes to investigate how ageing affects the neural representations different modulation rates in inferior colliculus rats. We specifically aimed explore input-output (LFP-spike) response transformations neurons. Our results show that up 256-Hz are represented synchronisation phase lags...

Abstract Stressful events can have lasting and impactful effects on behavior, especially by disrupting normal regulation of fear reward processing. Accurate discrimination among environmental cues predicting threat, safety or adaptively guides behavior. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a condition in which maladaptive persists response to explicit safety-predictive that coincide with previously learned threat cues, but without being present. Since both the infralimbic cortex...